Skip to main content

An Analysis of Attention to Student – Adaptive Hints in an Educational Game

  • Conference paper
Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS 2012)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 7315))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 3822 Accesses

Abstract

We present a user study to investigate which factors affect student attention to user-adaptive hints during interaction with an educational computer game. The game is Prime Climb, an educational game designed to provide individualized support for learning number factorization skills in the form of hints based on a model of student learning. We use eye-tracking data to capture user attention patterns on the game adaptive-hints, and present results on how these patterns are impacted by factors related to existing user knowledge, hint timing, and attitude toward getting help in general. We plan to leverage these results in the future for making hint delivery adaptive to these factors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. de Castell, S., Jenson, J.: Digital Games for Education: When Meanings Play. Intermedialities 9, 45–54 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Van Eck, R.: Building Artificially Intelligent Learning Games. In: Gibson, D., Aldrich, C., Prensky, M. (eds.) Games and Simulations in Online Learning: Research and Development Frameworks, pp. 271–307. Information Science Pub. (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Conati, C., Manske, M.: Evaluating Adaptive Feedback in an Educational Computer Game. In: Ruttkay, Z., Kipp, M., Nijholt, A., Vilhjálmsson, H.H. (eds.) IVA 2009. LNCS, vol. 5773, pp. 146–158. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Peirce, N., Conlan, O., Wade, V.: Adaptive Educational Games: Providing Non-invasive Personalised Learning Experiences. In: Second IEEE International Conference on Digital Games and Intelligent Toys Based Education (DIGITEL 2008), Banff, Canada, pp. 28–35 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Johnson, W.L.: Serious use for a serious game on language learning. In: Proc. of the 13th Int. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence in Education, Los Angeles, USA (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Conati, C., Merten, C.: Eye-tracking for user modeling in exploratory learning environments: An empirical evaluation. Knowl.-Based Syst. 20(6), 557–574 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Baker, R., Corbett, A., Roll, I., Koedinger, K.: Developing a generalizable detector of when students game the system. User Model. User-Adapt. Interact. 18(3) (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Aleven, V., McLaren, B.M., Roll, I., Koedinger, K.R.: Toward Tutoring Help Seeking. In: Lester, J.C., Vicari, R.M., Paraguaçu, F. (eds.) ITS 2004. LNCS, vol. 3220, pp. 227–239. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Roll, I., Aleven, V., McLaren, B.M., Ryu, E., Baker, R.S.J.d., Koedinger, K.R.: The Help Tutor: Does Metacognitive Feedback Improve Students’ Help-Seeking Actions, Skills and Learning? In: Ikeda, M., Ashley, K.D., Chan, T.-W. (eds.) ITS 2006. LNCS, vol. 4053, pp. 360–369. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Bee, N., Wagner, J., André, E., Charles, F., Pizzi, D., Cavazza, M.: Interacting with a Gaze-Aware Virtual Character. In: Workshop on Eye Gaze in Intelligent Human Machine Interaction, IUI 2010 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Prasov, Z., Chai, J.: What’s in a gaze? the role of eye-gaze in reference resolution in multimodal conversational interfaces. In: IUI 2008 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Muldner, K., Christopherson, R., Atkinson, R., Burleson, W.: Investigating the Utility of Eye-Tracking Information on Affect and Reasoning for User Modeling. In: Houben, G.-J., McCalla, G., Pianesi, F., Zancanaro, M. (eds.) UMAP 2009. LNCS, vol. 5535, pp. 138–149. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Muir, M., Conati, C.: Understanding Student Attention to Adaptive Hints with Eye-Tracking. In: Ardissono, L., Kuflik, T. (eds.) UMAP 2011 Workshops. LNCS, vol. 7138, pp. 148–160. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Woolf, B.P.: Building intelligent interactive tutors: Student-Centered strategies for revolutionizing elearning. Morgan Kaufmann (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Easterday, M., Aleven, V., Scheines, R., Carver, S.: Using Tutors to Improve Educational Games. In: Biswas, G., Bull, S., Kay, J., Mitrovic, A. (eds.) AIED 2011. LNCS, vol. 6738, pp. 63–71. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Linehan, C., Kirman, B., Lawson, S., Chan, G.: Practical, Appropriate, Empirically-Validated Guidelines for Designing Educational Games. In: CHI 2011, pp. 1979–1988 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Just, M., Carpenter, P.: The Psychology of Reading and Language Comprehension, Boston (1986)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Muir, M., Conati, C. (2012). An Analysis of Attention to Student – Adaptive Hints in an Educational Game. In: Cerri, S.A., Clancey, W.J., Papadourakis, G., Panourgia, K. (eds) Intelligent Tutoring Systems. ITS 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7315. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30950-2_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30950-2_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30949-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-30950-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics