Abstract
This paper identifies multimedia compatible with the challenges of constrained low bandwidth environment by using a Multi Level Systematic Approach (MLSA) through literature investigation, aimed to enhance blended learning experience in developing countries. At level I, a huge database for various media formats was identified. At level II, most commonly used visual media was selected based upon the usability characteristics. At Level III, we conducted a critical deep investigation of selected very commonly used media formats using different characteristics. The analysis of Level III investigation was done at Level IV. The study concluded that MP4, MP3 and JPEG or PNG are, respectively, the video, audio and graphic formats compatible with the challenges of constrained low bandwidth environment. This paper extends some sections of the previous work published by the same authors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Suhail, N.A., Lubega, J.: Optimization Technique for Implementation of Blended Learning in Constrained Low Bandwidth Environment. In: Tatnall, A., Kereteletswe, O.C., Visscher, A. (eds.) ITEM 2010. IFIP AICT, vol. 348, pp. 166–173. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Suhail, N.A., Lubega, J.T., Maiga, G.: Optimization Based Multimedia Performance to Enhance Blended Learning Experience in Constrained Low Bandwidth Environment. In: Kwan, R., Fong, J., Kwok, L.-F., Lam, J. (eds.) ICHL 2011. LNCS, vol. 6837, pp. 188–199. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Yaman, M., Graf, D.: Evaluation of an International Blended Learning Cooperation Project in Biology Teacher Education. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology 9(2) (2010)
Al-Huwail, N., Al-Sharhan, S., Al-Hunaiyyani, A.: Learning Design for a Successful Blended E-learning Environment: Cultural Dimension (2007)
Hanna, D.E.: Higher Education in an Era of Digital Competition: Emerging Organizational Models. JALN 2(1) (1998)
Azizan, F.Z.: Blended Learning in Higher Institutions in Malaysia. In: Proceedings of Regional Conference on Knowledge Integration in ICT (2010)
Bersin and associates: 4-factor Blended Learning Framework, What Works in Blended Learning. In: ASTDs Source of E-learning, Learning Circuits (2003) http://www.bersin.20.com/510.654.8500
De Vries, J.: E-learning strategy: An e-learning Framework for Success. In: Blue Streak Learning, Quality Learning Solutions (2005), http://www.bottomlineresults.elearningcentre.typepad.com/whatsnew/2005/08/strat.html
Khan, B.H., Ealy, D.: A framework for Web-based authoring systems. In: Khan, B.H. (ed.) Web-Based Training, pp. 355–364 (2001)
A Blended Learning Model. In: Training: A Critical Success Factor in Implementing a Technology Solution. North America Radiant Systems (2003), http://www.radiantsystems.co
Faridha, M.: Towards Enhancing Learning with Information and Communication Technology in Universities. MCS Dissertation report, Makerere University, Kampala (2005)
Optimizing Internet bandwidth in developing countries higher education. In: INASP (2005)
Harvey, S.: Building Effective Blended Learning Programs. Issue of Educational Technology 43(6), 51–54 (2003)
Natadjaja, L.: A usability of graphic design with local content in the interactive multimedia design for Indonesian story telling. Nirmana 6(2), 114–131 (2004)
Begg, J., Thede, D.: Chapter 5 Introduction to streaming Media. In: Designing Web Audio (2001), http://oreilly.com/catalog/sound/chapter/ch05.html
The JPEG Homepage, http://www.jpeg.org/jpeg/index.html
FOSS Open Standards/Comparison of File Formats. In: WIKIBOOKS (2011), http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/FOSS_Open_Standards/Comparison_of_File_Formats
Sterne, J.: The MP3 as cultural artifact. In New Media and Society, vol. 8 (5), pp. 825–842. Sage Publications London, Thousand Oaks (2006)
Hoe, N.S.: Free/Open Source Software Open Standards. In: Asia-Pacific Development Information Programme (UNDP-APDIP), e-Primers on Free/Open Source Software (2006)
Thyssen, A.: Common Image Formats. Image Magick v6 Examples – (2011), http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/formats/
Ahmad, A.M.A.: Content and Resources based Mobile and Wireless Video Transcoding. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 16 (2006)
Liang, J.: New Trends in Multimedia Standards: MPEG4 and JPEG. Info. Sc. Special Issue on Multimedia Informing Technologies-part 1 2(4) (1999)
ISO/IEC 14496-2 MPEG-4 Video Coding Standard, ISO/IEC 14496-2, Information techno logy coding of audio-visual objects –Part2: Visual ISO (2000)
File extension.mp4. In the help center File extension Information (2009) (revised in April)
Han, R., Bhagwat, P., LaMaire, R., Mummert, T., Perret, V., Rubas, J.: Dynamic Adaptation in an Image Transcoding Proxy for Mobile Web Browsing. IEEE Personal Communications, 8–17 (1998)
Fong, A.C.M., Hui, S.C.: An end-to-end solution for Internet lecture delivery. Campus wide Information Systems 19(2), 45–51 (2002)
Taylor, A., Merabti, M.: Review of Multimedia Networking. In: Support Initiative for Multimedia Applications (January 1995)
Jin, S., Bestavros, A., Iyengar, A.: Network-aware partial caching for Internet streaming media. In: Multimedia Systems. Springer (2003)
An, C., Barcelo, B.T., Inkrott, J.A., Snowdon, A.R., Trojniar, K.J.: A Multimedia Distance Learning Trial Using ISDN BRI. AT&T Technical Journal 72(1), 15–22 (1993)
Sun, P., Cheng, H.K.: The design of instructional multimedia in e-Learning: A Media Ric hness Theory-based approach. Computers & Education 49(3), 662–676 (2007)
Abdelfattah, E., Mohiuddin, A.: Performance Analysis of Multimedia Compression Algorithms. International journal of computer science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) 2(5) (2010)
The file extensions resource. File info.com (2003-2005), http://www.fileinfo.com/filetypes/video
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Suhail, N.A., Lubega, J.T., Maiga, G. (2012). Multimedia to Enhance Blended Learning Experience in Constrained Low Bandwidth Environment. In: Cheung, S.K.S., Fong, J., Kwok, LF., Li, K., Kwan, R. (eds) Hybrid Learning. ICHL 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7411. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32018-7_34
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32018-7_34
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-32017-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-32018-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)