Skip to main content

SQUALL: A Controlled Natural Language for Querying and Updating RDF Graphs

  • Conference paper
Controlled Natural Language (CNL 2012)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 7427))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Formal languages play a central role in the Semantic Web. An important aspect regarding their design is syntax as it plays a crucial role in the wide acceptance of the Semantic Web approach. The main advantage of controlled natural languages (CNL) is to reconcile the high-level and natural syntax of natural languages, and the precision and lack of ambiguity of formal languages. In the context of the Semantic Web and Linked Open Data, CNL could not only allow more people to contribute by abstracting from the low-level details, but also make experienced people more productive, and make the produced documents easier to share and maintain. We introduce SQUALL, a controlled natural language for querying and updating RDF graphs. It has a strong adequacy with RDF, an expressiveness close to SPARQL 1.1, and a CNL syntax that completely abstracts from low-level notions such as bindings and relational algebra. We formally define the syntax and semantics of SQUALL as a Montague grammar, and its translation to SPARQL. It features disjunction, negation, quantifiers, built-in predicates, aggregations with grouping, and n-ary relations through reification.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Antoniou, G., van Harmelen, F.: A Semantic Web Primer. MIT Press (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., Finegan, E.: Longman grammar of spoken and written English. Pearson Education Limited (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Damljanovic, D., Agatonovic, M., Cunningham, H.: Identification of the question focus: Combining syntactic analysis and ontology-based lookup through the user interaction. In: Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC). ELRA (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowty, D.R., Wall, R.E., Peters, S.: Introduction to Montague Semantics. D. Reidel Publishing Company (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs, N.E., Kaljurand, K., Schneider, G.: Attempto Controlled English meets the challenges of knowledge representation, reasoning, interoperability and user interfaces. In: Sutcliffe, G., Goebel, R. (eds.) FLAIRS Conference, pp. 664–669. AAAI Press (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Haase, P., Broekstra, J., Eberhart, A., Volz, R.: A Comparison of RDF Query Languages. In: McIlraith, S.A., Plexousakis, D., van Harmelen, F. (eds.) ISWC 2004. LNCS, vol. 3298, pp. 502–517. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hitzler, P., Krãtzsch, M., Rudolph, S.: Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies. Chapman & Hall/CRC (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, P.-Y., Parker Jr., D.S.: Improving SQL with generalized quantifiers. In: Yu, P.S., Chen, A.L.P. (eds.) Int. Conf. Data Engineering, pp. 298–305. IEEE Computer Society (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, V., Uren, V., Motta, E., Pasin, M.: Aqualog: An ontology-driven question answering system for organizational semantic intranets. Journal of Web Semantics 5(2), 72–105 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montague, R.: Universal grammar. Theoria 36, 373–398 (1970)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, J., Arenas, M., Gutierrez, C.: Semantics and Complexity of SPARQL. In: Cruz, I., Decker, S., Allemang, D., Preist, C., Schwabe, D., Mika, P., Uschold, M., Aroyo, L.M. (eds.) ISWC 2006. LNCS, vol. 4273, pp. 30–43. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schwitter, R., Kaljurand, K., Cregan, A., Dolbear, C., Hart, G.: A comparison of three controlled natural languages for OWL 1.1. In: Clark, K., Patel-Schneider, P.F. (eds.) Workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions (OWLED), vol. 258. CEUR-WS (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Smart, P.: Controlled natural languages and the semantic web. Tech. rep., School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton (2008), http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/15735/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Ferré, S. (2012). SQUALL: A Controlled Natural Language for Querying and Updating RDF Graphs. In: Kuhn, T., Fuchs, N.E. (eds) Controlled Natural Language. CNL 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 7427. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32612-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32612-7_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-32611-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-32612-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics