Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Consistency in Scalable Systems

  • Conference paper
On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2012 (OTM 2012)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 7566))

  • 976 Accesses

Abstract

While eventual consistency is the general consistency guarantee ensured in cloud environments, stronger guarantees are in fact achievable. We show how scalable and highly available systems can provide processor, causal, sequential and session consistency during normal functioning. Failures and network partitions negatively affect consistency and generate divergence. After the failure or the partition, reconciliation techniques allow the system to restore consistency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ahamad, M., Bazzi, R.A., John, R., Kohli, P., Neiger, G.: The power of processor consistency. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures, SPAA 1993, pp. 251–260. ACM, New York (1993), http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/165231.165264

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Alvarez, A., Arévalo, S., Cholvi, V., Fernández, A., Jiménez, E.: On the Interconnection of Message Passing Systems. Inf. Process. Lett. 105(6), 249–254 (2008)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Amazon Web Services LLC: Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3). Website (March 2011), http://aws.amazon.com/s3/

  4. Baker, J., Bond, C., Corbett, J.C., Furman, J.J., Khorlin, A., Larson, J., Léon, J., Li, Y., Lloyd, A., Yushprakh, V.: Megastore: Providing Scalable, Highly Available Storage for interactive services. In: 5th Biennial Conf. on Innovative Data Systems Research (CIDR), Asilomar, CA, USA, pp. 223–234 (January 2011)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Baldoni, R., Beraldi, R., Friedman, R., van Renesse, R.: The Hierarchical Daisy Architecture for Causal Delivery. Distributed Systems Engineering 6(2), 71–81 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bernstein, P.A., Hadzilacos, V., Goodman, N.: Concurrency Control and Recovery in Database Systems. Addison-Wesley (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bernstein, P.A., Reid, C.W., Das, S.: Hyder - A Transactional Record Manager for Shared Flash. In: 5th Biennial Conf. on Innovative Data Systems Research (CIDR), Asilomar, CA, USA, pp. 9–20 (January 2011)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bershad, B.N., Zekauskas, M.J., Sawdon, W.A.: The Midway Distributed Shared Memory System. In: Proc. IEEE CompCon Conf. (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Brewer, E.A.: Towards Robust Distributed Systems (Abstract). In: Proc. ACM Symp. Princ. Distrib. Comput., p. 7 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Budhiraja, N., Marzullo, K., Schneider, F.B., Toueg, S.: The Primary-Backup Approach. In: Mullender, S.J. (ed.) Distributed Systems, 2nd edn., ch. 8, pp. 199–216. Addison-Wesley, ACM Press (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Campbell, D.G., Kakivaya, G., Ellis, N.: Extreme Scale with Full SQL Language Support in Microsoft SQL Azure. In: Intnl. Conf. on Mngmnt. of Data (SIGMOD), pp. 1021–1024. ACM, New York (2010), http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1807167.1807280

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cholvi, V., Jiménez, E., Anta, A.F.: Interconnection of distributed memory models. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 69(3), 295–306 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Cooper, B.F., Ramakrishnan, R., Srivastava, U., Silberstein, A., Bohannon, P., Jacobsen, H., Puz, N., Weaver, D., Yerneni, R.: PNUTS: Yahoo!’s hosted data serving platform. PVLDB 1(2), 1277–1288 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Daudjee, K., Salem, K.: Lazy Database Replication with Ordering Guarantees. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Data Eng., pp. 424–435. IEEE-CS (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Daudjee, K., Salem, K.: Lazy Database Replication with Snapshot Isolation. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Very Large Data Bases, pp. 715–726. ACM (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  16. DeCandia, G., Hastorun, D., Jampani, M., Kakulapati, G., Lakshman, A., Pilchin, A., Sivasubramanian, S., Vosshall, P., Vogels, W.: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store. In: ACM Symp. Oper. Syst. Princ., pp. 205–220 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Fernández, A., Jiménez, E., Cholvi, V.: On the interconnection of causal memory systems. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 64(4), 498–506 (2004)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Gilbert, S., Lynch, N.A.: Brewer’s Conjecture and the Feasibility of Consistent, Available, Partition-Tolerant Web Services. ACM SIGACT News 33(2), 51–59 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Goodman, J.R.: Cache Consistency and Sequential Consistency. Tech. Rep. 61, SCI Committee (March 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Gray, J., Helland, P., O’Neil, P.E., Shasha, D.: The Dangers of Replication and a Solution. In: Proc. ACM SIGMOD Int. Conf. Manage. Data, pp. 173–182. ACM (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Helland, P., Campbell, D.: Building on Quicksand. In: Proc. Bienn. Conf. Innov. Data Syst. Research (2009), www.crdrdb.org

  22. Hutto, P., Ahamad, M.: Slow Memory: Weakening Consistency to Enhance Concurrency in Distributed Shared Memories. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pp. 302–311 (May 1990)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Johnson, S., Jahanian, F., Shah, J.: The Inter-group Router Approach to Scalable Group Composition. In: ICDCS, pp. 4–14 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Kraska, T., Hentschel, M., Alonso, G., Kossmann, D.: Consistency Rationing in the Cloud: Pay only when it matters. PVLDB 2(1), 253–264 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Lamport, L.: How to Make a Multiprocessor Computer that Correctly Executes multiprocess programs. IEEE Trans. Computers 28(9), 690–691 (1979)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Lipton, R.J., Sandberg, J.S.: Pram: A Scalable Shared Memory. Tech. Rep. CS-TR-180-88, Princeton University, Department of Computer Science (September 1988)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Mosberger, D.: Memory Consistency Models. Operating Systems Review 27(1), 18–26 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Ruiz-Fuertes, M.I., Muñoz-Escoí, F.D.: Refinement of the One-Copy Serializable Correctness Criterion. Tech. Rep. ITI-SIDI-2011/004, Instituto Tecnológico de Informática, Valencia, Spain (November 2011)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Stonebraker, M., Madden, S., Abadi, D.J., Harizopoulos, S., Hachem, N., Helland, P.: The End of an Architectural Era (It’s Time for a Complete Rewrite). In: 33rd Intnl. Conf. on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB), pp. 1150–1160. ACM Press, Vienna (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Terry, D.B., Demers, A.J., Petersen, K., Spreitzer, M., Theimer, M., Welch, B.B.: Session Guarantees for Weakly Consistent Replicated Data. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Parallel Distrib. Inform. Syst., pp. 140–149. IEEE-CS (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Vogels, W.: Eventually Consistent. Communications of the ACM (CACM) 52(1), 40–44 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. VoltDB, Inc.: VoltDB technical overview: A high performance, scalable RDBMS for Big Data, high velocity OLTP and realtime analytics. Website (April 2012), http://voltdb.com/sites/default/files/PDFs/VoltDBTechnicalOverview_April_2012.pdf

  33. Wiesmann, M., Schiper, A.: Comparison of Database Replication Techniques Based on Total Order Broadcast. IEEE T. Knowl. Data En. 17(4), 551–566 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Universitario Mixto Tecnolóogico de Informática, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain

    M. I. Ruiz-Fuertes, M. R. Pallardó-Lozoya & F. D. Muñoz-Escoí

Authors
  1. M. I. Ruiz-Fuertes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. R. Pallardó-Lozoya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. F. D. Muñoz-Escoí
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Semantic Technology and Application Research Laboratory (STARLab), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building G-10, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Robert Meersman

  2. Research Centre for Automatic Control, School of Engineering in Information Technology, Campus scientifique, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France

    Hervé Panetto

  3. La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Tharam Dillon

  4. Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, 1010, Vienna, Austria

    Stefanie Rinderle-Ma

  5. Institute of Databases and Information Systems, Ulm University, Germany

    Peter Dadam

  6. School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Brisbane, Australia

    Xiaofang Zhou

  7. HP Labs, Bristol, UK

    Siani Pearson

  8. Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria

    Alois Ferscha

  9. Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

    Sonia Bergamaschi

  10. ADVIS Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Isabel F. Cruz

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Ruiz-Fuertes, M.I., Pallardó-Lozoya, M.R., Muñoz-Escoí, F.D. (2012). Consistency in Scalable Systems. In: Meersman, R., et al. On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2012. OTM 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7566. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33615-7_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33615-7_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-33614-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-33615-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics