Skip to main content

Acceleration of Genetic Algorithms for Sudoku Solution on Many-Core Processors

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Massively Parallel Evolutionary Computation on GPGPUs

Part of the book series: Natural Computing Series ((NCS))

Abstract

In this chapter, we use the problem of solving Sudoku puzzles to demonstrate the possibility of achieving practical processing time through the use of many-core processors for parallel processing in the application of evolutionary computation. To increase accuracy, we propose a genetic operation that takes building-block linkage into account. As a parallel processing model for higher performance, we use a multiple-population coarse-grained genetic algorithm (GA) model to counter initial value dependence under the condition of a limited number of individuals. The genetic manipulation is also accelerated by the parallel processing of threads. In an evaluation using even very difficult problems, we show that execution times of several tens of seconds and several seconds can be obtained by parallel processing with the Intel Core i7 and NVIDIA GTX 460, respectively, and that a correct solution rate of 100 % can be achieved in either case. In addition, genetic operations that take linkage into account are suited to fine-grained parallelization and thus may result in an even higher performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gordon, V.S., Whitley, D.: Serial and parallel genetic algorithms as function optimizers. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, pp. 177–183. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Franciso, CA USA (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Mühlenbein, H.: Parallel genetic algorithms, population genetics and combinatorial optimization. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, pp. 416–421 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Mühlenbein, H.: Evolution in time and space - the parallel genetic algorithm. In: Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, pp. 316–337. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Shonkwiler, R.: Parallel genetic algorithm. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, pp. 199–205 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cantu-Paz, E.: Efficient and Accurate Parallel Genetic Algorithms. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA,USA (2000)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Byun, J.H., Datta, K., Ravindran, A., Mukherjee, A., Joshi, B.: Performance analysis of coarse-grained parallel genetic algorithms on the multi-core sun UltraSPARC T1. In: SOUTHEASTCON’09, pp. 301–306. IEEE, Danvers, MA, USA (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Serrano, R., Tapia, J., Montiel, O., Sepúlveda, R., Melin, P.: High performance parallel programming of a GA using multi-core technology. In: Castillo, O., Melin, P., Kacprzyk, J., Pedrycz, W., eds.: Soft Computing for Hybrid Intelligent Systems. Volume 154 of Studies in Computational Intelligence, pp. 307–314. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Tsutsui, S., Fujimoto, N.: Solving quadratic assignment problems by genetic algorithms with GPU computation: a case study. In: GECCO ’09: Proc. 11th Annual Conference Companion on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pp. 2523–2530 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Munawar, A., Wahib, M., Munetomo, M., Akama, K.: Theoretical and empirical analysis of a GPU based parallel Bayesian optimization algorithm. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies. PDCAT ’09, pp. 457–462 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Sato, M., Sato, Y., Namiki, M.: Proposal of a multi-core processor from the viewpoint of evolutionary computation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2010, pp. 3868–3875 (July 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Wikipedia: Sudoku. Available via WWW: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudoku (cited 8.3.2010)

  12. Wikipedia: Backtracking. Available via WWW: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backtracking (cited 1.11.2011)

  13. IEEE: ISO/IEC 9945-1 ANSI/IEEE Std 1003.1. (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Sato, Y., Inoue, H.: Solving Sudoku with genetic operations that preserve building blocks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence in Game, pp. 23–29 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lewis, R.: Metaheuristics can solve Sudoku puzzles. J. Heuristics 13 387–401 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Simonis, H.: Sudoku as a constraint problem. In: Proc. of the 4th Int. Workshop Modelling and Reformulating Constraint Satisfaction Problems International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, pp. 13–27 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lynce, I., Ouaknine, J.: Sudoku as a SAT problem. In: Proceedings of the 9 th International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics, AIMATH 2006 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Moon, T., Gunther, J.: Multiple constraint satisfaction by belief propagation: An example using Sudoku. In: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Mountain Workshop on Adaptive and Learning Systems (SMCals 2006), pp. 122–126. IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, USA (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Mantere, T., Koljonen, J.: Solving and ranking Sudoku puzzles with genetic algorithms. In: Proceedings of the 12th Finnish Artificial Conference STeP 2006, pp. 86–92 (October 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Mantere, T., Koljnen, J.: Solving, rating and generating Sudoku puzzles with GA. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2007, pp. 1382–1389 (July 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Moraglio, A., Togelius, J., Lucas, S.: Product geometric crossover for the Sudoku puzzle. In: Proceedings of IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2006, pp. 470–476 (July 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Galvan-Lopez, E., O’Neill, M.: On the effects of locality in a permutation problem: The Sudoku puzzle. In: Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG 2009), pp. 80–87 (September 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Goldberg, D.E., Sastry, K.: A practical schema theorem for genetic algorithm design and tuning. In: Proceedings of the 2001 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pp. 328–335 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Super Difficult Sudoku’s. Available via WWW: http://lipas.uwasa.fi/~timan/sudoku/EA_ht_2008.\pdf#search=’CT20A6300%20Alternative%20Project%20work%202008’ (cited 8.3.2010)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuji Sato .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sato, Y., Hasegawa, N., Sato, M. (2013). Acceleration of Genetic Algorithms for Sudoku Solution on Many-Core Processors. In: Tsutsui, S., Collet, P. (eds) Massively Parallel Evolutionary Computation on GPGPUs. Natural Computing Series. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37959-8_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37959-8_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-37958-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-37959-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics