Introduction
The proportion of aged citizens in Japan has been growing and has reached the highest proportion in the world (23.1% in October, 2010 [1]). The time when we need to tackle the social welfare problem of an aging society has arrived. It has been reported that social welfare services are insufficient to reach all people who need help, resulting in 32000 lonely deaths in a single year [2]. It is difficult to solve the problem only by reforming formal care systems under conditions where the number of senior citizens is increasing and the number of younger citizens is decreasing. Community activity that supports elderly citizens is important when the proportion of aged citizens is increasing to prevent overreliance on formal care. The idea named PPK(pin-pin-korori [3]) thus emerged. This is the idea that the number of people requiring long-term care can be decreased by increasing the number of active senior citizens.
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Annual Report on the Aging Society: Cabinet Office Japan (2011), http://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/whitepaper/index-w.html
NHK Muen Shakai Project, “Muen Shakai”, Bungei SyunJyu (2010) (in Japanese)
Akiyama, H.: Science of aging society and social structure, Kagaku Iwanami Shoten (2010) (in Japanese)
A meeting for production of communities which elderly people etc. feel easy also alone and can live: Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Japan (2008), http://www.mhlw.go.jp/houdou/2008/03/h0328-8.html
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Kobayashi, N., Yamane, S., Ohori, K., Obata, A. (2013). The Present Condition and Problems for Elderly People Participating in Communities. In: Kurosu, M. (eds) Human-Computer Interaction. Users and Contexts of Use. HCI 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8006. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39265-8_34
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