Skip to main content

The Visual Field: Simultaneous Order in Immediate Visual Awareness

  • Chapter
Registration and Recognition in Images and Videos

Part of the book series: Studies in Computational Intelligence ((SCI,volume 532))

  • 1531 Accesses

Abstract

When you open your eyes in bright daylight, you become visually aware of the scene in front of you. That is to say, generically, for you might be blind, hallucinate, and so forth. To many people visual awareness appears three-fold extended in space, and evolving over time. One makes out objects and processes in intricate interrelations. Here we are mainly interested in immediate visual awareness of the type that happens when you look at a painting. We assume you close one eye and hold your position with respect to the canvas. This restriction cuts down on the complexity, for instance, it plays down the importance of visuomotor factors, binocular multiperspective, and scene changes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ahissar, E., Arieli, A.: Figuring space by time. Neuron 32, 185–201 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Albertazzi, L.: The Time of Presentness. A Chapter in Positivistic and Descriptive Psychology. Axiomathes 10, 49–74 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Balas, B., Nakano, L., Rosenholtz, R.: A summary-statistic representation in peripheral vision explains visual crowding. Journal of Vision 9, 1–18 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bijl, P., Koenderink, J.J., Toet, A.: Visibility of blobs with a gaussian luminance profile. Vision Research 29, 447–456 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Birkhoff, G.: Lattice Theory. American Mathematical Society, Washington, DC (1948)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Braitenberg, V.: Vehicles: Experiments in synthetic psychology. MIT Press, Cambridge (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Brown, J.W.: Self-embodying mind: Process, brain dynamics and the conscious present. Barrytown/Station Hill Press, Barrytown, NY (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Buckley, J.J., Eslami, E.: Fuzzy plane geometry I: Points and lines. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 86, 179–187 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Čech, E.: Théorie générale de lhomologie dans un espace quelconque. Fundamenta Mathematicæ 19, 149–183 (1932)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Clarke, S.: A Collection of Papers, which passed between the late Learned Mr Leibnitz, and Dr Clarke, In the Years 1715 and 1716, by Samuel Clarke D D. James Knapton, London (1717)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cormen, T.H., Leiserson, C.E., Rivest, R.L., Stein, C.: Introduction to algorithms, 3rd edn. MIT Press, Cambridge (2009)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Daskalakis, C., Karp, R.M., Mossel, E., Riesenfeld, S., Verbin, E.: Sorting and Selection in Posets. In: Mathieu, C. (ed.) Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, New York, pp. 392–401 (January 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ehresmann, C.: Introduction à la théorie des structures infinitésimales et des pseudo-groupes de Lie, pp. 97–127. Geometrie Differentielle, Colloq Inter du Centre Nat de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg (1953)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Heath, T.L.: (ca 300 bce) The Thirteen Books of Euclid’s Elements Translation and commentaries, vol. 3. Dover Publications, New York (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Fagin, R., Kumar, R., Mahdian, M., Sivakumar, D., Vee, E.: Comparing partial rankings. SIAM J. Discrete Math. 20, 628–648 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Florack, L.M.J.: Image Structure. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1997)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  17. Forsyth, D.A., Ponce, J.: Computer Vision: A Modern Approach. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Freeman, J., Simoncelli, E.P.: Metamers of the ventral stream. Nature Neuroscience 9, 1195–1201 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Gauss, C.F.: Theoria motvs corporvm coelestivm in sectionibvs conicis Solem ambientivm (Theory of the motion of the heavenly bodies moving about the Sun in conic sections) Davis, C.H. (transl). Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1809)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Graham, C.H. (ed.): Vision and Visual Perception. John Wiley and Sons, New York (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Griffin, L.D.: The 2nd order local-image-structure solid. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 29, 1355–1366 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hess, R.F.: Developmental sensory impairment, amblyopia or tarachopia. Human Neurobiol. 1, 17–29 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  23. von Hildebrand, A.: Das Problem der Form in der bildenden Kunst. Heitz, Strassburg (1893)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hjelmslev, J.T.: Die Geometrie der Wirklichkeit. Acta Math. 40, 35–66 (1916)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. Hjelmslev, J.T.: Die natürliche Geometrie Abh. Math. Sem. Univ. Hamburg 2 (1923)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hoffman, D.D.: Sensory experiences as cryptic symbols of a multi-modal user interface. In: Bauer, M., Liptay, F., Marschall, S. (eds.) Kunst und Kognition, pp. 261–279. Wilhelm Fink, Munich (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Huntington, E.V.: A set of postulates for abstract geometry, expressed in terms of the simple relation of inclusion. Mathematische Annalen 73, 522–559 (1913)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Imhof, E.: Kartographische Geländedarstellung. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (1965)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  29. James, W.: The Principles of Psychology, vol. 2. Dover Publications, New York (1890)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  30. Jastrow, J.: The mind’s eye. Popular Science Monthly 54, 299–312 (1899)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kanizsa, G.: Grammatica del vedere. Saggi su percezione e Gestalt. Il Mulino, Bologna (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Koenderink, J.J.: Simultaneous order in nervous nets from a functional standpoint. Biol. Cybern. 50, 35–41 (1984a)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Koenderink, J.J.: Geometrical structures determined by the functional order in nervous nets. Biol. Cybern. 50, 43–50 (1984b)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. Koenderink, J.J.: The structure of images. Biol. Cybern. 50, 363–370 (1984c)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Koenderink, J.J.: The concept of local sign. In: van Doorn, A.J., van de Grind, W.A., Koenderink, J.J. (eds.) Limits in Perception. VNU Science Press, Utrecht (1984d)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Koenderink, J.J.: Operational significance of receptive field assemblies. Biol. Cybern. 58, 163–171 (1988)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  37. Koenderink, J.J.: The brain a geometry engine. Psychological Res. 52, 122–127 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Koenderink, J.J.: Vision and information. In: Albertazzi, L., Tonder, G.J., van, V.D. (eds.) Perception Beyond Inference: The Information Content of Visual Processes. MIT Press, Cambridge (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Koenderink, J.J.: Gestalts and Pictorial Worlds. Gestalt Theory 33, 289–324 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Koenderink, J.J., Bouman, M.A., Bueno de Mesquita, A.E., Slappendel, S.: Perimetry of contrast detection thresholds of moving spatial sine wave patterns. I. The near peripheral visual field (eccentricity 0-8 degrees). J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68, 845–849 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Koenderink, J.J., Bouman, M.A., Bueno de Mesquita, A.E., Slappendel, S.: Perimetry of contrast detection thresholds of moving spatial sine wave patterns. II. The far peripheral visual field (eccentricity 0-50 degrees). J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68, 850–854 (1978b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Koenderink, J.J., Bouman, M.A., Bueno de Mesquita, A.E., Slappendel, S.: Perimetry of contrast detection thresholds of moving spatial sine wave patterns. III. The target extent as a sensitivity controlling parameter. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68, 854–860 (1978c)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Koenderink, J.J., van Doorn, A.J.: Visual detection of spatial contrast: influence of location in the visual field, target extent, and illuminance level. Biological Cybernetics 30, 157–167 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Koenderink, J.J., van Doorn, A.J.: Invariant features of contrast detection: an explanation in terms of self-similar detector arrays. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72, 83–87 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Koenderink, J.J., van Doorn, A.J.: Representation of local geometry in the visual system. Biol. Cybern. 55, 367–375 (1987)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  46. Koenderink, J.J., van Doorn, A.J.: Generic neighborhood operators. IEEE PAMI 14, 597–605 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Koenderink, J.J., van Doorn, A.J.: Pictorial space. In: Hecht, H., Schwartz, R., Atherton, M. (eds.) Looking Into Pictures; an Interdisciplinary Approach to Pictorial Space, Cambridge, MA, pp. 239–299 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Koenderink, J.J., van Doorn, A.J., Wagemans, J.: Depth. i–Perception 2, 541–564 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Koenderink, J.J., Richards, W.A., van Doorn, A.J.: Blow-up: a free lunch? i–Perception 3, 141–145 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Koenderink, J.J., Richards, W.A., van Doorn, A.J.: Spacetime disarray & visual awareness. i–Perception 3, 159–165 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  51. da Vinci, L.: Codex Urbinas. Gathered together by Francesco Melzi before 1542. First printed in French and Italian as Trattato della pittura by Raffaelo du Fresne in 1651 (1452-1519)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Lorenz, K.: Die Rückseite des Spiegels. Piper Verlag, München (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Lotze, H.: Medicinische Psychologie oder Physiologie der Seele. Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Leipzig (1852)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Mandelbrot, B.: How Long Is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-Similarity and Fractional Dimension. Science, New Series 156(3775), 636–638 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Marr, D.: Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information. Freeman, New York (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Metzger, W.: Gesetze des Sehens. Verlag Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Miller, G.A.: The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review 63, 343–355 (1956)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Necker, L.A.: Observations on some remarkable optical phænomena seen in Switzerland; and on an optical phænomenon which occurs on viewing a figure of a crystal or geometrical solid. London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 1, 329–337 (1832)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Newton, I.: Philosopiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica. Josephi Streater, London (1687)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Oliva, A.: Gist of the scene. In: Itti, L., Rees, G., Tsotsos, J.K. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Neurobiology of Attention, pp. 251–256. Elsevier, San Diego (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  61. Orban, G.A., Van Essen, D., Vanduffel, W.: Comparative mapping of higher visual areas in monkeys and humans. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8, 315–324 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Ostwald, W.: Einführung in der Farbenlehre. Verlag von Philipp Reclam jun, Leipzig (1919)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Pelli, D.G., Farell, B., Moore, D.C.: The remarkable inefficiency of word recognition. Nature 423, 752–756 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Palmer, S.E.: Vision Science: Photons to Phenomenology. MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Pepperell, R.: Seeing without objects: Visual indeterminacy and art. Leonardo 30, 394–400 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Petitot, J.: Neurogéométrie de la vision - Modles mathèmatiques et physiques des architectures fonctionnelles, Ecole Polytechniques editions, Paris (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  67. Platt, J.R.: How we see straight lines. Scientific American 202, 121–129 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Pliny the Elder (77–79ce) Historia Naturalis

    Google Scholar 

  69. Riedl, R.: Biologie der Erkenntnis: Die stammesgeschichtlichen Grundlagen der Vernunft. Parey, Berlin (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  70. Rorschach, H.: Rorschach Test – Psychodiagnostic Plates. Hogrefe Publishing Corp., Cambridge (1927)

    Google Scholar 

  71. Sansom, S.N., Livesey, F.J.: Gradients in the Brain: The Control of the Development of Form and Function in the Cerebral Cortex. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 1, a002519 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  72. Schrödinger, E.: Mind and Matter. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1958)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  73. Smythies, J.: A note on the concept of the visual field in neurology, psychology, and visual neuroscience. Perception 25, 369–371 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Tinbergen, N.: The study of instinct. Oxford Clarendon Press, London (1951)

    Google Scholar 

  75. Toet, A., Koenderink, J.J.: Differential spatial displacement discrimination thresholds for gabor patches. Vison Research 28, 133–143 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  76. Toet, A., van Eekhout, P., Simons, H.L.J.J., Koenderink, J.J.: Scale invariant features of differential spatial displacement discrimination. Vison Research 27, 441–451 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. von Uexküll, J.: Streifzüge durch die Umwelten von Tieren und Menschen: Ein Bilderbuch unsichtbarer Welten. J Springer (mit Kriszat G), Berlin (1934)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  78. Vallortigara, G., Regolin, L., Chiandetti, C., Rugani, R.: Rudiments of mind: Insights through the chick model on number and space cognition in animals. omparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews 5, 78–99 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. van Doorn, A.J., Koenderink, J.J., Bouman, M.A.: The influence of retinal inhomogeneity on the perception of spatial patterns. Kybernetik 10, 223–230 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Varzi, A.C.: Parts, wholes, and part-whole relations: the prospects of mereotopology. Data and Knowledge Engineering 20, 259–286 (1996)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  81. Venn, J.: On the Diagrammatic and Mechanical Representation of Propositions and Reasonings. Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science Series 5 10, 59 (1880)

    Google Scholar 

  82. Weber, E.H.: Die Lehre vom Tastsinne und Gemeingefühle. Verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig (1851)

    Google Scholar 

  83. Whitehead, A.N.: Process and Reality: An Essay in Cosmology. In: Griffin, D.R., Sherburne, D.W. (eds.) Free Press, New York (1929) (1979 corrected edition)

    Google Scholar 

  84. Zadeh, L.A.: Fuzzy sets. Information and Control 8, 338–353 (1965)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jan Koenderink .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Koenderink, J., van Doorn, A., Richards, W. (2014). The Visual Field: Simultaneous Order in Immediate Visual Awareness. In: Cipolla, R., Battiato, S., Farinella, G. (eds) Registration and Recognition in Images and Videos. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 532. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-44907-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-44907-9_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-44906-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-44907-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics