Abstract
We present a tiered-approach to the recognition of metaphor. The first tier is made up of highly precise expert-driven lexico-syntactic patterns which are automatically expended on in the second tier using lexical and dependency transformations. The final tier utilizes an SVM classifier using a variety of syntactic, semantic, and psycholinguistic features to determine if an expression is metaphoric. We focus on the recognition of metaphors in which the target is associated with the concept of “Economic Inequality” and examine the effectiveness of our approach for metaphors expressed in English, Farsi, Russian, and Spanish. Through experimental analysis we show that the proposed approach is capable of achieving 67.4% to 77.8% F-Measure depending on the language.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Shutova, E., Teufel, S.: Metaphor corpus annotated for source-target domain mappings. In: Proceedings of LREC (2010)
Lakoff, G., et al.: The contemporary theory of metaphor. Metaphor and Thought 2, 202–251 (1993)
Bracewell, D.B., Tomlinson, M.T., Mohler, M.: Determining the conceptual space of metaphoric expressions. In: Gelbukh, A. (ed.) CICLing 2013, Part I. LNCS, vol. 7816, pp. 487–500. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
Shutova, E.: Models of metaphor in nlp. In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 688–697. Association for Computational Linguistics (2010)
Fass, D.: met*: A method for discriminating metonymy and metaphor by computer. Computational Linguistics 17(1), 49–90 (1991)
Shutova, E., Sun, L.: Unsupervised metaphor identification using hierarchical graph factorization clustering. In: HLT-NAACL, pp. 978–988 (2013)
Ahrens, K., Chung, S., Huang, C.: Conceptual metaphors: Ontology-based representation and corpora driven mapping principles. In: Proceedings of the ACL 2003 Workshop on Lexicon and Figurative Language, vol. 14. Association for Computational Linguistics,
Wolff, P., Gentner, D.: Evidence for role-neutral initial processing of metaphors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 26(2), 529 (2000)
McGlone, M.: Conceptual metaphors and figurative language interpretation: Food for thought? Journal of Memory and Language 35(4), 544–565 (1996)
Lakoff, G.: Master Metaphor List. University of California (1994)
Eilts, C., Lönneker, B.: The Hamburg Metaphor Database (2002)
Bogdanova, D.: A framework for figurative language detection based on sense differentiation. In: Proceedings of the ACL 2010 Student Research Workshop, ACLstudent 2010, pp. 67–72 (2010)
Shutova, E.: Computational approaches to figurative language. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge (2011)
Mason, Z.: CorMet: A computational, corpus-based conventional metaphor extraction system. Computational Linguistics 30(1), 23–44 (2004)
Martin, J.: A computational model of metaphor interpretation. Academic Press Professional, Inc. (1990)
Mohler, M., Bracewell, D., Hinote, D., Tomlinson, M.: Semantic signatures for example-based linguistic metaphor detection, 27 (2013)
Shutova, E., Sun, L., Korhonen, A.: Metaphor identification using verb and noun clustering. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2010, pp. 1002–1010. Association for Computational Linguistics, Stroudsburg (2010)
Strzalkowski, T., Broadwell, G.A., Taylor, S., Feldman, L., Shaikh, S., Liu, T., Yamrom, B., Cho, K., Boz, U., Cases, I., Elliot, K.: Robust extraction of metaphor from novel data, 67–76 (2013)
Rink, B., Roberts, K., Harabagiu, S., Scheuermann, R.H., Toomay, S., Browning, T., Bosler, T., Peshock, R.: Extracting actionable findings of appendicitis from radiology reports using natural language processing. AMIA Summits on Translational Science Proceedings, 221 (2013)
Bracewell, D.B., Tomlinson, M.T., Mohler, M.: Determining the conceptual space of metaphoric expressions. In: Gelbukh, A. (ed.) CICLing 2013, Part I. LNCS, vol. 7816, pp. 487–500. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
Nivre, J., Hall, J., Nilsson, J.: Maltparser: A data-driven parser-generator for dependency parsing. In: In Proc. of LREC-2006. (2006) 2216–2219
Broadwell, G.A., Boz, U., Cases, I., Strzalkowski, T., Feldman, L., Taylor, S., Shaikh, S., Liu, T., Cho, K., Webb, N.: Using imageability and topic chaining to locate metaphors in linguistic corpora. In: Greenberg, A.M., Kennedy, W.G., Bos, N.D. (eds.) SBP 2013. LNCS, vol. 7812, pp. 102–110. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)
Turney, P.D., Neuman, Y., Assaf, D., Cohen, Y.: Literal and metaphorical sense identification through concrete and abstract context. In: Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on the Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 680–690 (2011)
Coltheart, M.: The MRC psycholinguistic database. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 33(4), 497–505 (1981)
Mohler, M., Tomlinson, M., Bracewell, D., Rink, B.: Semi-supervised methods for expanding psycholinguistics norms by integrating distributional similarity with the structure of wordnet. In: Proceedings of the 9th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (2014)
Fellbaum, C.: WordNet, An Electronic Lexical Database. The MIT Press (1998)
Shamsfard, M., Hesabi, A., Fadaei, H., Mansoory, N., Famian, A., Bagherbeigi, S., Fekri, E., Monshizadeh, M., Assi, S.: Semi automatic development of farsnet; the persian wordnet. In: Proceedings of 5th Global WordNet Conference, Mumbai, India (2010)
Azarova, I., Mitrofanova, O., Sinopalnikova, A., Yavorskaya, M., Oparin, I.: Russnet: Building a lexical database for the russian language. In: Proceedings of Workshop on Wordnet Structures and Standardisation and How This Affect Wordnet Applications and Evaluation, Las Palmas, pp. 60–64 (2002)
Atserias, J., Villarejo, L., Rigau, G., Agirre, E., Carroll, J., Magnini, B., Vossen, P.: The MEANING Multilingual Central Repository. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Global WordNet Conference (GWC), Brno, Czech Republic (January 2004)
Rosch, E., Mervis, C.B.: Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories. Cognitive Psychology 7(4), 573–605 (1975)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bracewell, D.B., Tomlinson, M.T., Mohler, M., Rink, B. (2014). A Tiered Approach to the Recognition of Metaphor. In: Gelbukh, A. (eds) Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing. CICLing 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8403. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54906-9_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54906-9_33
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54905-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54906-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)