Abstract
The Internet has built its success story to a large degree on the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Since TCP still represents the by far most important transport protocol in the current Internet traffic mix, new applications like media streaming need to take into account the social rules implied by TCP’s congestion control algorithms, i.e., they need to behave TCP-friendly. One problem of this insight is that these new applications are not always well served by inheriting TCP’s transmission scheme. In particular, TCP’s initial start-up behaviour is a problem for streaming applications. In this paper, we try to address this problem by proposing a reflective server design which allows to do inter-session congestion control, i.e., to share network performance experiences between sessions to make informed congestion control decisions. Since our focus is media streaming, we show the design in the framework of a media server, which means in particular not employing TCP itself but a TCP-friendly transmissions scheme.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
S. McCreary and K. Claffy. Trends in Wide Area IP Traffic Patterns. In Proceedings of 13th ITC Specialist Seminar on Internet Traffic Measurement and Modeling, September 2000. http://www.caida.org/outreach/papers/AIX0005/outreach/papers/AIX0005.
V. Jacobson. Congestion Avoidance and Control. ACM Computer Communication Review; Proceedings of the Sigcomm’ 88 Symposium in Stanford, CA, August, 1988, 18, 4:314–329, 1988.
R. Braden. RFC 1644—T/TCP—TCP Extensions for Transactions Functional Specification. Standards Track RFC, July 1994.
K. A. Hua, Y. Cai, and S. Sheu. Patching: A Multicast Technique for True Video-on-Demand Services. In Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia Conference 1998, Bristol, England, pages 191–200, September 1998.
H. Balakrishnan, M. Stemm, S. Seshan, and R. H. Katz. Analyzing Stability in Wide-Area Network Performance. In Proc. of the ACM SIGMETRICS, Seattle, WA, pages 2–12, 1997.
J. Widmer, R. Denda, and M. Mauve. A Survey on TCP-Friendly Congestion Control. Special Issue of the IEEE Network Magazine “Control of Best Effort Traffic”, 15(3):28–37, May 2001.
D. Bansal and H. Balakrishnan. TCP-friendly Congestion Control for Real-time Streaming Applications. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM’01). IEEE Computer Society Press, Anchorage, April 2001.
S. Jin, L. Guo, I. Matta, and A. Bestavros. TCP-friendly SIMD Congestion Control and Its Convergence Behavior. In Proceedings of ICNP’2001: The 9th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, Riverside, CA, 2001.
R. Rejaie, M. Handley, and D. Estrin. RAP: An End-to-End Rate-based Congestion Control Mechanism for Realtime Streams in the Internet. In Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies 1999, New York, NY, USA, pages 395–399, March 1999.
S. Floyd, M. Handley, J. Padhye, and J. Widmer. Equation-Based Congestion Control for Unicast Applications. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM’ 00 Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication 2000, Stockholm, pages 43–56, August 2000.
I. Rhee, V. Ozdemir, and Y. Yi. TEAR: TCP emulation at receivers—flow control for multimedia streaming. Technical report, North Carolina State University, April 2000.
J. Padhye, V. Firoiu, D. Towsley, and J. Kurose. Modeling TCP Throughput: A Simple Model and its Empirical Validation. In ACM SIGCOMM’ 98 Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication, pages 303–314, Vancouver, CA, 1998.
J. Widmer and M. Handley. Extending Equation-Based Congestion Control to Multicast Applications. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM’ 01 Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication 2001, San Diego, CA, pages 275–285, August 2001.
M. Allman, C. Hayes, and S. Ostermann. An evaluation of TCP with larger initial windows. ACM Computer Communication Review, 28, 3:41–52, 1998.
R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. Masinter, P. Leach, and T. BernersLee. RFC 2616—Hypertext Transfer Protocol—HTTP/1.1. Standards Track RFC, 1999.
V. Padmanabhan and R. Katz. TCP fast start: a technique for speeding up web transfers. In Proc. IEEE Globecom’ 98 Internet Mini-Conference, Sydney, Australia, 1998.
L. Guo and I. Matta. The War Between Mice and Elephants. In Proceedings of ICNP’2001: The 9th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, Riverside, CA, 2001.
H. Balakrishnan, H. Rahul, and S. Seshan. An Integrated Congestion Management Architecture for Internet Hosts. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM’ 99 Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication 1999, New York, NY, USA, pages 175–187, August 1999.
S. Savage, N. Cardwell, and T. Anderson. The Case for Informed Transport Protocols. In Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems, Rio Rico, AZ, March 1999.
Y. Zhang, L. Qiu, and S. Keshav. Speeding Up Short Data Transfers: Theory, Architecture Support, and Simulation Results. In Proceedings of NOSSDAV 2000, June 2000.
A. Gordon. Classification. Chapman-Hall, 1999.
A. Papoulis. Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes. McGraw-Hill, 1991.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Schmitt, J., Zink, M., Theiss, S., Steinmetz, R. (2003). A Reflective Server Design to Speedup TCP-friendly Media Transmissions at Start-Up. In: Irmscher, K., Fähnrich, KP. (eds) Kommunikation in Verteilten Systemen (KiVS). Informatik aktuell. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55569-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55569-5_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-00365-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-55569-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive