Zusammenfassung
Eine wesentliche Komponente aller Tutorsysteme, insbesondere jener, die in der Vermittlung von Programmierkenntnissen eingesetzt werden, ist ein Debugger, der die Korrektheit der Schülerlösung überprüft. SHERLOCK (Mehmanesch & Krems, 1988) erweitert die herkömmlichen algorithmischen Methoden um Prozeduren, die Lehrer- oder Expertenverhalten in der Suche von in Anfängerprogrammen häufig zu beobachtenden semantischen oder algorithmischen Fehlern emulieren.
SHERLOCK ist ein wissensbasiertes System mit Blackboard-Architektur. Als Komponente eines Tutors für CommonLisp werden AI-Techniken (Blackboard, Truth main- tenance) verwendet, um sowohl das domänenspezifische, deklarative Experten wissen als auch die Debuggingheuristiken und -Strategien zu implementieren. Diese betreffen in erster Linie die Auswahl fehlerverdächtiger Codesegmente (z.B. Rekursionsaufruf) und ‘mentaler Aktivitäten’ (z.B. Evaluation von Code, syntaktische Überprüfung). In einer mehrstufigen Diagnose kann SHERLOCK in der Analyse von Schülerlösungen verwendet werden, die fehlerhaft sind und in denen die Fehler nicht durch eine ‘algorithmische’ Komponente (z.B. TALUS) identifiziert werden können.
Abstract
One essential part of cooparative systems — especially for those systems which teach programming languages — is a debugger, which analyzes the learners’ Solutions in order to determine whether they are correct. SHERLOCK (Mehmanesh & Krems, 1988) erweitert the Standard methods by procedures which emulate teacher or expert heuristics in identifying semantic and algorithmic bugs often ocurring in novice programs.
SHERLOCK (= System for Humanlike Elimination of Recursive LISP-bugs with Object-oriented and Clustered Knowledge) is a knowledge-based system with blackboard-architecture. As a component of a tutor for CommomLISP the system uses techniques from AI (black-board architecture, TMS) to implemefit debugging heuristics and strategies. These mainly guide the selection of error-suspicious code segments (e.g. the recursive case) and of bug-relevant subgoals (e.g. evaluation of code, syntactic check). In a multi-stage diagnosis SHERLOCK is used if it is known that the Student program is erranous and that the bug cannot be identified by an algorithmic debugging component (TALUS).
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Krems, J. (1991). Fehlersuche in einfachen LISP-Programmen: Emulation von Expertenstrategien in der Analyse von Schülerlösungen. In: Gorny, P. (eds) Informatik und Schule 1991. Informatik-Fachberichte, vol 292. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76982-5_39
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