Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Formal Specification and Timing Analysis of High-Integrity Real-Time Systems

  • Conference paper
Real Time Computing

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NATO ASI F,volume 127))

  • 219 Accesses

Abstract

We motivate the need for formal specification and verification of specifications in the case of high-integrity real-time systems. After a review of sample approaches, we concentrate the attention on Petri nets augmented to support timing requirements. We illustrate a very general formalism and an associated timing analysis procedure. We then illustrate a restriction of the general model and a specialized analysis procedure. Concepts are mainly illustrated via examples and informal descriptions. The reader is directed to the published literature for formal details.

This material is based upon work supported by the Esprit project iptes and by the Progetto Finalizzato Sistemi Informatici e Calcolo Parallelo (CNR).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. M. Abadi, L. Lamport, An Old-Fashioned Recipe for Real-Time, Real Time: Theory in Practice, LNCS 600, Springer Verlag, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. Alur, C. Coucorbertis, D. Dill, Model-Checking for Real-Time systems, Proceedings of the 5th IEEE lics 90, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  3. R. Mur, T. Henzinger, A Really Temporal Logic, Proceedings of the 30th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, IEEE Computer Science Press, 1989, 164–169.

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. Alur, T. Henzinger, Logics and Models of Real Time: A Survey, Real-Time: Theory in Practice, LNCS 600, Springer Verlag, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  5. H. Attiya, N. Lynch, Time Bounds for Real-Time Process Control in the Presence of Timing Uncertainty,MIT, Report MIT/LCS/TM-403, July 1989, appeared in RTSS’89.

    Google Scholar 

  6. B. Auernheimer, R.A. Kemmerer, ASLAN: User’s Manual, TRCs84–10, Department of Computer Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, March 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Auernheimer B., Kemmerer R.A., RT-ASLAN: A Specification Language for Real-Time Systems, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. SE-12, No. 9, September 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  8. H.E. Bal, J.G. Steiner, A.S. Tanenbaum, Programming Languages for Distributed Computing Systems, ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 21, No. 3, September 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  9. G. Berry, P. Couronné, G. Gonthier, Synchronous Programming of Reactive Systems, an Introduction to ESTEREL, INRIA Report No. 647, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  10. B. Berthomieu, M. Menasche, An Enumerative Approach for Analyzing Time Petri Nets, Proceedings of IFIP Congress, September 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  11. B. Berthomieu, M. Diaz, Modeling and Verification of Time Dependent systems Using Time Petri Nets, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. SE-17, No. 3, March 1991, 259–273.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. P. Caspi, et al., LUSTRE: A Declarative Language for Programming Synchronous Systems, Proceedings of the 14th Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, Munich, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  13. K.M. Chandi, J. Misra, Parallel Program Design: A Foundation, Addison-Wesley, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  14. C. Chang, H. Huang, C. Song, An Approach to Verifying Concurrency Behavior of Real-Time Systems Based on Time Petri Net and Temporal Logic, Proceedings of InfoJapan 90, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  15. C. Clarke, E. Emerson, S. Sistla, Automatic Verification of Finite-State Concurrent systems Using Temporal Logic Specifications, ACM-TOPLAS, Vol. 8, No. 2, April 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  16. C. Coolahan, N. Roussopoulos, Timing Requirements for Time Driven Systems Using Augmented Petri Nets, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, September 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  17. E. Corsetti, A. Montanan, E. Ratto, Dealing with Difference Time Granulari-ties in Formal Specifications of Real Time Systems, The Journal of Real-Time Systems, Vol. 3, 1991, 191–215.

    Google Scholar 

  18. B. Dasarathy, Timing Constraints of Real-Time Systems: Constructs for Expressing Them, Methods for Validating Them, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. SE-11, No. 1, January 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  19. D. Daniels, T. Dillon, The Notion of Time in Distributed Systems, Proceedings of the 5th Australian Software Engineering Conference, IREE, Sydney, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  20. L.K. Dillon, G.S. Avrunin, J.C. Wileden, Constrained Expressions: Toward Broad Applicability of Analysis Methods for Distributed Software Systems, ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, Vol. 10, No. 3, July 1988, 374–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. S.R. Faulk, D.L. Parnas, On Synchronization in Hard Real-Time Systems, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 31, No. 3, March 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Felder, A. Morzenti, Specification Testing for Real-Time Systems by History Checking in TRIO, Proceedings IC3E 14, Melbourne, Australia, May 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  23. M. Felder, D. Mandrioli, A. Morzenti, Proving Properties of Real-Time Systems Through Logical Specifications and Petri Nets Models, Dip. di Elettronica-Politecnico di Milano, Report 91–072, December 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  24. A. Gabrielian, M. Franklin, Multilevel Specification of Real-Time Systems, Communications of the ACM,Vol. 34, No. 5, May 1991, 51–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. C. Ghezzi, R.A. Kemmerer, ASTRAL: An Assertion Language for Specifying Real-Time Systems, Report No. mcs 90–25, Department of Computer Science, University of California,Santa Barbara, California, November 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  26. C. Ghezzi, R.A. Kemmerer, ASTRAL: An Assertion Language for Specifying Real-Time Systems, Proceedings of the Third European Software Engineering Conference, Milano, Italy, October 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  27. C. Ghezzi, D. Mandrioli, S. Morasca, M. Pezzé, A General Way to Put Time in Petri Nets, Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Software Design and Specifications,Monterey, California, April 3–4, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  28. C. Ghezzi, D. Mandrioli, S. Morasca, M. Pezzé, A Unified High-Level Petri Net Formalism for Time-Critical Systems, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. SE-17, No. 2, February 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  29. C. Ghezzi, D. Mandrioli, A. Morzenti, TRIO: A Logic Language for Executable Specifications of Real-Time Systems, Journal of Systems and Software, June 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  30. C. Ghezzi, D. Mandrioli, S. Morasca, M. Pezzé, Symbolic Execution of Concurrent Programs Using Petri Nets, Computer Languages, April 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  31. C. Ghezzi, S. Morasca, M. Pezzé, Timing Analysis of Time Basic Nets,submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  32. H. Gomaa, Software Development of Real-Time Systems, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 29, No. 7, July 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  33. D. Harel, Statecharts: A Visual Formalism for Complex Systems, Science of Computer Programming, Vol. 8, No. 3, June 1987, 231–274.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  34. D. Harel et al., STATEMATE: A Working Environment for the Development of Complex Reactive Systems, Proceedings 10th International Conference on Software Engineering, Singapore, April 11–15, 1988, 396–406.

    Google Scholar 

  35. D.J. Hatley, I.A. Pirbai, Strategies for Real-Time System Specification, Dorset House, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  36. T. Henzinger, Z. Manna, A. Pnueli, Temporal Proof Methodologies for Real Time systems, Proceedings of the 18th ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, 1991, 353–366.

    Google Scholar 

  37. T. Henzinger, Sooner is Safer than Later, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  38. T. Henzinger, Z. Manna, A. Pnueli, Timed Transitions Systems, REx’91, Presented also in School on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems, Nijmegen, Netherlands, January 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  39. M. Holliday, M. Vernon, A Generalized Timed Petri Net Model for Performance Analysis, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, December, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  40. J. Hooman, Specification and Compositional Verification of Real-Time Systems, Ph.D. thesis, Eindhoven University, 1991.

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  41. M.S. Jaffe, N.G. Leveson, Comleteness, Robustness, and Safety in Real-Time Software Requirements Specification, Proceedings 11th International Conferenceon Software Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 15–18, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  42. F. Jahanian, A.K. Mok, Safety Analysis of Timing Properties of Real-Time Systems, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. SE-12, No. 9, September 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  43. F. Jahanian, A.K. Mok, A Graph-Theoretic Approach for Timing Analysis and Its Implementation, IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol. C-36, No. 8, August 1987, 961–975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. The Journal of Real-Time Systems, Special issue on the Esprit IPTES project, to appear.

    Google Scholar 

  45. R.A. Kemmerer, Testing Software Specifications to Detect Design Errors, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. SE-11, No. 1, January 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Y. Kesten, A. Pnueli, Timed and Hybrid Statecharts and Their Textual Representation, School on Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems, Nijmegen, Netherlands, January 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  47. R. Koymans, R. Kuiper, E. Zijlstra, Specifying Message Passing and Real-Time Systems with Real-Time Temporal Logic, ESPRIT’87 Achievement and Impact, North Holland, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  48. R. Koymans, Specifying Message Passing and Time-Critical Systems with Temporal Logic, Ph.D. Thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  49. R. Koymans, W.P. de Roever, Examples of a Realtime Temporal Logic Specification, LNCS 207, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  50. F. Kroger, Temporal Logic of Programs, EATCS Monographs on Theoretical Computer Science, Springer Verlag, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  51. N.G. Leveson, J. Stolzy, Safety Analysis Using Petri Nets, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. SE-13, No. 3, March 1987, 386–397.

    Google Scholar 

  52. N. Lynch, H. Attiya, Using Mappings to Prove Timing Properties,MIT Report MIT/LCS-TM412.b, December 1989, appeared in Pooc’89.

    Google Scholar 

  53. P.M. Merlin, D.J. Farber, Recoverability of Communication Protocols: Implications of a Theoretical Study, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. coM-24, September 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  54. R. Milner, Calculi for Synchroni and Asynchroni, Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 25, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  55. A. Morzenti, D. Mandrioli, C. Ghezzi, A Model Parametric Real-Time Logic,Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Report 90.010, 1990, to appear in SCM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems.

    Google Scholar 

  56. A. Morzenti, The Specification of Real-Time Systems: Proposal of a Logic Formalism, Ph.D. Thesis, Dipartimento di Elettronica,Politecnico di Milano, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  57. A. Morzenti, P. SanPietro, An Object Oriented Logic Language for Modular System Specification, ECOOP’91, LNCS 512, Springer Verlag, July 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  58. J. Ostrof, Temporal Logic For Real-Time Systems, Research Studies Press LTD., Advanced Software Development Series, Taunton, Somerset, England, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  59. A. Mauch, The Temporal Semantics of Computer Programs, Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 13, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  60. W.J. Quirk, Verification and Validation of Real-Time Software, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1985.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  61. C. Ramamoorthy, G. Ho, Performance Evaluation of Asynchronous Concurrent Systems Using Petri Nets, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, September 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  62. C. Ramchandani, Analysis of Asynchronous Concurrent Systems Using Petri Nets, MIT, February, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  63. W. Reisig, Petri Nets: An Introduction, Springer Verlag, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  64. X. Nicollin, J. Sifaki, S. Yovine, Compiling Real-Time Specifications into Extended Automata,Transactions on Software Engineering, Special Issue on Real Time Systems, to appear.

    Google Scholar 

  65. X. Nicollin, J. Richier, J. Sifakis, J. Voiron, ATP: An Algebra for Timed Processes, Proceedings IFIP Working Conference on Formal Description of Programming Concepts, North-Hooland, Tiberias, Israel, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  66. R.M. Smullyan, First Order Logic, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1968.

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  67. IEEE Software, Special Issue on Formal Methods, Vol. 7, No. 5, September 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  68. J.A. Stankovic, Misconceptions About Real-Time Computing: A Serious Problem for Next-Generation Systems, IEEE Computer, Vol. 21, No. 10, October 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  69. P. Stotts, T. Pratt, Hierarchical Modeling of Software Systems with Timed Petri Nets, Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Timed Petri Nets, Torino, Italy, July 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  70. I. Suzuki, Formal Analysis of the Alternating Bit Protocol by Temporal Petri Nets, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. SE-16, No. 11, November 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  71. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Special Issue on Formal Methods in Software Engineering, Vol. SE-16, No. 9, September 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Y. Wang, Real-Time Behaviour of Asynchronous Agents, LNCS 458, Springer Verlag, 1990, 502–520.

    Google Scholar 

  73. F. Wang, A. Mok, E. Emerson, Formal Specification of Asynchronous Distributed Real-Time systems by APTL, Proceedings ICSE 14, Melbourne, Australia, May 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  74. J.M. Wing, A Specifier’s Introduction to Formal Methods, IEEE Computer, Vol. 23, No. 9, September 1990, 8–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. J.M. Wing, M.R. Nixon, Extending Ina Jo with Temporal Logic, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. SE-15, No. 2, February 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  76. P. Zave, PAISLey User Documentation Volume 3: Case Studies, Computer Technology Research Laboratory Report, AT and T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  77. W. Zuberek, Timed Petri Nets and Performance Evaluation, Proceedings of the 7th Annual Symposium on Computer Architecture, May 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  78. J. Zwiers, Compositionality, Concurrency, and Partial Correctness, LNCS 321, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy

    Miguel Felder, Carlo Ghezzi & Mauro Pezzé

Authors
  1. Miguel Felder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Carlo Ghezzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mauro Pezzé
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Vakgroep Informatica, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Postbus 800, 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Wolfgang A. Halang

  2. Fachbereich Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, FernUniversität Hagen, D-58084, Hagen, Germany

    Wolfgang A. Halang

  3. Department of Computer and Information Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA

    Alexander D. Stoyenko

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Felder, M., Ghezzi, C., Pezzé, M. (1994). Formal Specification and Timing Analysis of High-Integrity Real-Time Systems. In: Halang, W.A., Stoyenko, A.D. (eds) Real Time Computing. NATO ASI Series, vol 127. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88049-0_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88049-0_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-88051-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-88049-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation