Abstract
This paper introduces an efficient watermarking approach for distributed relational databases, which is generic enough to support database outsourcing and hybrid partitioning. Various challenges, like partitioning and distribution of data, existence of replication etc., are addressed effectively by watermarking different partitions using different sub keys and by maintaining a meta-data about the data distribution. Notably, the embedding and detection phases are designed with the aim of making embedded watermarks partitioning-insensitive. That means, database partitioning and its distribution do not disturb any embedded watermark at all. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposal on watermarking of distributed relational databases supporting database outsourcing, its partitioning and distribution in a distributed setting.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
This work is a revised and extended version of [1].
- 2.
University Of California-Irvine KDD Archive: kdd.ics.uci.edu/databases/covertype/ covertype.html.
- 3.
Detail experimental data can be found in [41].
References
Rani, S., Koshley, D.K., Halder, R.: A watermarking framework for outsourced and distributed relational databases. In: Dang, T.K., Wagner, R., Küng, J., Thoai, N., Takizawa, M., Neuhold, E. (eds.) FDSE 2016. LNCS, vol. 10018, pp. 175–188. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48057-2_12
Özsu, M.T., Valduriez, P.: Principles of Distributed Database Systems. Springer, New York (2011)
Amazon Relational Database Service. https://aws.amazon.com/rds/
Microsoft Azure SQL Database. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-in/services/sql-database/
Curino, C., Jones, E.P., Popa, R.A., Malviya, N., Wu, E., Madden, S., Balakrishnan, H., Zeldovich, N.: Relational cloud: A database-as-a-service for the cloud (2011)
Halder, R., Pal, S., Cortesi, A.: Watermarking techniques for relational databases: Survey, classification and comparison. J. UCS 16(21), 3164–3190 (2010)
Bhattacharya, S., Cortesi, A.: A generic distortion free watermarking technique for relational databases. In: Prakash, A., Sen Gupta, I. (eds.) ICISS 2009. LNCS, vol. 5905, pp. 252–264. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10772-6_19
Rani, S., Kachhap, P., Halder, R.: Data-flow analysis-based approach of database watermarking. In: Chaki, R., Cortesi, A., Saeed, K., Chaki, N. (eds.) Advanced Computing and Systems for Security. AISC, vol. 396, pp. 153–171. Springer, New Delhi (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2653-6_11
Agrawal, R., Haas, P.J., Kiernan, J.: Watermarking relational data: framework, algorithms and analysis. VLDB J. 12(2), 157–169 (2003)
Gupta, G., Pieprzyk, J.: Database relation watermarking resilient against secondary watermarking attacks. In: Prakash, A., Sen Gupta, I. (eds.) ICISS 2009. LNCS, vol. 5905, pp. 222–236. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10772-6_17
Zhou, X., Huang, M., Peng, Z.: An additive-attack-proof watermarking mechanism for databases’ copyrights protection using image. In: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, pp. 254–258. ACM (2007)
Halder, R., Cortesi, A.: A persistent public watermarking of relational databases. In: Jha, S., Mathuria, A. (eds.) ICISS 2010. LNCS, vol. 6503, pp. 216–230. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17714-9_16
Li, Y., Guo, H., Jajodia, S.: Tamper detection and localization for categorical data using fragile watermarks. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM workshop on Digital rights management, pp. 73–82. ACM (2004)
Li, Y., Deng, R.H.: Publicly verifiable ownership protection for relational databases. In: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security, pp. 78–89. ACM (2006)
Bhattacharya, S., Cortesi, A.: Distortion-free authentication watermarking. In: Cordeiro, J., Virvou, M., Shishkov, B. (eds.) ICSOFT 2010. CCIS, vol. 170, pp. 205–219. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29578-2_13
Zhang, Y., Niu, X., Zhao, D., Li, J., Liu, S.: Relational databases watermark technique based on content characteristic. In: 2006 First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control, ICICIC 2006, vol. 3, pp. 677–680. IEEE (2006)
Guo, H., Li, Y., Liu, A., Jajodia, S.: A fragile watermarking scheme for detecting malicious modifications of database relations. Inf. Sci. 176(10), 1350–1378 (2006)
Pournaghshband, V.: A new watermarking approach for relational data. In: Proceedings of the 46th Annual Southeast Regional Conference on XX, pp. 127–131. ACM (2008)
Kamran, M., Suhail, S., Farooq, M.: A robust, distortion minimizing technique for watermarking relational databases using once-for-all usability constraints. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 25(12), 2694–2707 (2013)
Bhattacharya, S., Cortesi, A.: A distortion free watermark framework for relational databases. In: ICSOFT, vol. 2, pp. 229–234 (2009)
Khan, A., Husain, S.A.: A fragile zero watermarking scheme to detect and characterize malicious modifications in database relations. Sci. World J. 2013, 1–16 (2013)
Camara, L., Li, J., Li, R., Xie, W.: Distortion-free watermarking approach for relational database integrity checking. Math. Probl. Eng. 2014, 1–10 (2014)
El-Bakry, H., Hamada, M.: A developed watermark technique for distributed database security. In: Herrero, Á., Corchado, E., Redondo, C., Alonso, Á. (eds.) Computational Intelligence in Security for Information Systems. AISC, vol. 85, pp. 173–180. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Razdan, R.: Real-time, distributed, transactional, hybrid watermarking method to provide traceability and copyright protection of digital content in peer-to-peer networks, 7 March 2001. US Patent App. 09/799,509
Mignotte, M.: How to share a secret. In: Beth, T. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 1982. LNCS, vol. 149, pp. 371–375. Springer, Heidelberg (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-39466-4_27
Khanna, S., Zane, F.: Watermarking maps: hiding information in structured data. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, pp. 596–605 (2000)
Xie, M.R., Wu, C.C., Shen, J.J., Hwang, M.S.: A survey of data distortion watermarking relational databases. Int. J. Netw. Secur. 18(6), 1022–1033 (2016)
Khanduja, V., Chakraverty, S., Verma, O.P., Singh, N.: A scheme for robust biometric watermarking in web databases for ownership proof with identification. In: Ślȩzak, D., Schaefer, G., Vuong, S.T., Kim, Y.-S. (eds.) AMT 2014. LNCS, vol. 8610, pp. 212–225. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09912-5_18
Khanduja, V., Verma, O.P., Chakraverty, S.: Watermarking relational databases using bacterial foraging algorithm. Multimed. Tools Appl. 74(3), 813–839 (2015)
Kamel, I., AlaaEddin, M., Yaqub, W., Kamel, K.: Distortion-free fragile watermark for relational databases. Int. J. Big Data Intell. 3(3), 190–201 (2016)
Alfagi, A.S., Manaf, A.A., Hamida, B., Olanrewajub, R.: A zero-distortion fragile watermarking scheme to detect and localize malicious modifications in textual database relations. J. Theoret. Appl. Inf. Technol. 84(3), 404–413 (2016)
Rani, S., Koshley, D.K., Halder, R.: Adapting mapreduce for efficient watermarking of large relational dataset. In: Trustcom/BigDataSE/ICESS, 2017 IEEE, pp. 729–736. IEEE (2017)
Dean, J., Ghemawat, S.: Mapreduce: simplified data processing on large clusters. Commun. ACM 51(1), 107–113 (2008)
De Capitani di Vimercati, S., Foresti, S., Jajodia, S., Paraboschi, S., Samarati, P.: Fragments and loose associations: Respecting privacy in data publishing. In: Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, vol. 3(1–2), pp. 1370–1381 (2010)
Agrawal, S., Narasayya, V., Yang, B.: Integrating vertical and horizontal partitioning into automated physical database design. In: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, pp. 359–370. ACM (2004)
Huth, M., Ryan, M.: Logic in Computer Science: Modelling and Reasoning about Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2004)
Rodríguez, L., Li, X.: A dynamic vertical partitioning approach for distributed database system. In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), pp. 1853–1858. IEEE (2011)
Shamir, A.: How to share a secret. Commun. ACM 22(11), 612–613 (1979)
Iftene, S.: General secret sharing based on the chinese remainder theorem with applications in e-voting. Electron. Notes Theoret. Comput. Sci. 186, 67–84 (2007)
Schneier, B.: Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C. Wiley, New York (2007)
Rani, S., Kumar Koshley, D., Halder, R.: Partitioning-insensitive watermarking approach for distributed relational databases. Technical report, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna (2017). http://www.iitp.ac.in/~halder/Papers/TechReport/DistributedRDBWatermark.pdf
Acknowledgment
This work is partially supported by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and remarks.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rani, S., Koshley, D.K., Halder, R. (2017). Partitioning-Insensitive Watermarking Approach for Distributed Relational Databases. In: Hameurlain, A., Küng, J., Wagner, R., Dang, T., Thoai, N. (eds) Transactions on Large-Scale Data- and Knowledge-Centered Systems XXXVI. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10720. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56266-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56266-6_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-56265-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-56266-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)