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Multiscale Analysis of Textual Content Using Eyegaze

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Transactions on Computational Science XXXV

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((TCOMPUTATSCIE,volume 11960))

Abstract

Reading of a textual content involves a complex coordination between various parts of brain responsible for visual inputs, language processing, cognitive functions and motor response. In addition, psychological factors like attention and perception play a major role in understanding of the content. Many of these factors get reflected in the behaviour of eye movement, as the content is read. In this paper, we present an approach for analysing a textual content in various scales using eyegaze. The scales include (i) individual fixation characteristics, (ii) saccades and fixations within a line (iii) overall difficulty score of the content. An affordable infrared eye tracking device is used to capture the gaze characteristics in an unobtrusive manner. Two types (easy and difficult) of textual contents are designed for the experiment which are benchmarked using standard readability indices. The fixation characteristics include fixation duration, change in drift direction within a fixation and spatial area of a fixation. Using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the former two are found to be statistically significant in distinguishing the two types of contents. Within a line, the spatial distance between fixations and the number of switching between saccades and fixations characterize the flow during a reading where the later is found to be statistically significant. A mixture of two partial sigmoid is used as a mapping function to compute the difficulty score of a content from the significant features. For a given content, the variation of these scores among individual readers, enables us to get deeper insights into their cognitive and psychological aspects.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.preservearticles.com/2011080510137/12-short-paragraphs-in-english-language-for-school-kids-free-to-read.html.

  2. 2.

    https://www.enotes.com/topics/great-expectations.

  3. 3.

    https://www.quora.com/Why-is-there-so-much-criticism-for-demonetization-in-India-when-it-is-undoubtedly-a-correct-step.

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Acknowledegment

Authors would like to thank the participants for their co-operation during the experiment and data collection for the same.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. TCS Research and Innovation, Tata Consultancy Services, Kolkata, India

    Aniruddha Sinha

  2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

    Rikayan Chaki, Bikram Kumar De & Sanjoy Kumar Saha

  3. Center for Educational Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India

    Rajlakshmi Guha

  4. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India

    Anupam Basu

  5. National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Durgapur, India

    Anupam Basu

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  1. Aniruddha Sinha
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  2. Rikayan Chaki
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  3. Bikram Kumar De
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  4. Rajlakshmi Guha
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  5. Sanjoy Kumar Saha
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  6. Anupam Basu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aniruddha Sinha .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Marina L. Gavrilova

  2. Sardina Systems OÜ, Tallinn, Estonia

    C. J. Kenneth Tan

  3. Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland

    Khalid Saeed

  4. University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India

    Nabendu Chaki

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Sinha, A., Chaki, R., De, B.K., Guha, R., Saha, S.K., Basu, A. (2020). Multiscale Analysis of Textual Content Using Eyegaze. In: Gavrilova, M., Tan, C., Saeed, K., Chaki, N. (eds) Transactions on Computational Science XXXV. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11960. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61092-3_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61092-3_2

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