Skip to main content

A Parametric Tongue Model for Animated Speech

  • Conference paper
Computer Animation and Simulation 2000

Part of the book series: Eurographics ((EUROGRAPH))

  • 231 Accesses

Abstract

We present a tongue model for use in computer-animated speech. The model is capable of representing tongue shapes during the production of English vowels and consonants as well as general motion of the tongue. Geometrically, the model is composed of a NURBS surface with 60 control points and an 8 + 13 grid of bi-cubic patches. We also present a parameterization of the model that requires only 6 parameters for use during speech production.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. The MBROLA Project, http: //www.tcts.fpms.ac.be/synthesis/.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Visible Human Project, National Library of Medicine, http: //www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visiblehuman.html.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bateman, H. E. and Mason, R. M., Applied Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech and Hearing Mechanism. 1984, Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Black, A. W., et al., The Festival Speech Synthesis System, http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/festival/.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cohen, M. and Massaro, D., Modeling coarticulation in synthetic visual speech, in Models and Techniques in Computer Animation, Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann and Daniel Thalmann, Editor. 1993, Springer-Verlag: Tokyo, p. 139–156.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ezzat, T. and Poggio, T., MikeTalk: A Talking Facial Display Based on Morphing Visemes, in Computer Animation’ 98. jun 1998, IEEE Computer Society: Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, p. 96–102.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Forsey, D. R. and Bartels, R. Hierarchical B-Spline Refinement, in SIGGRAPH’ 88. 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gray, H., Anatomy, Descriptive and surgical. 15th ed. 1977, New York, Avenel: Gramercy Books.

    Google Scholar 

  9. King, S. A. and Parent, R. E., TalkingHead: A Text-to-Audiovisual-Speech System, OSU-CISRC-2/80-TR05, Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kleiser, J., A Fast, Efficient, Accurate way to represent the Human Face, in SIGGRAPH’ 89 Course Notes 22: State of the Art in Facial Animation, Frederic I. Parke, Editor, jul 1989. p. 36-40.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Maeda, S., Compensatory Articulation During Speech: Evidence from the Analysis and Synthesis of Vocal-tract Shapes using an Articulatory Model, in Speech Production and Speech Modelling, William J. Hardcastle and Alain Marchai, Editor. 1990, Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, p. 131–149.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Parke, F. I., Computer Generated Animation of Faces, in Proceedings ACM National Conference. 1972. p. 451-457.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Parke, F. I., A model for human faces that allows speech synchronized animation. Journal of Computers and Graphics, 1975. 1(1): p. 1–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Parke, F. I., A parametric model for human faces, Ph.D. Thesis,, University of Utah, dec 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Pelachaud, C., Overveld, C. v., and Seah, C., Modeling and Animating the Human Tongue During Speech Production, in Proceedings of Computer Animation’ 94. may 1994. p. 40-49.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Platt, S. M. and Badler, N. I., Animating Facial Expressions, in Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH’ 81 Proceedings). 1981. p. 145-252.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Provine, J. A. and Bruton, L. T., Lip Synchronization in 3-D Model Based Coding for Video-conferencing, in Proc. of the IEEE Int. Symposium on Circuits and Systems. May 1995: Seattle, p. 453-456.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Reeves, W. T., Simple and Complex Facial Animation: Case Studies, in SIGGRAPH’ 90 Course Notes 26: State of the Art in Facial Animation, aug 1990. p. 88-106.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Stone, M., Toward a model of three-dimensional tongue movement. “Journal of Phonetics”, 1991. 19: p. 309–320.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Stone, M. and Lundberg, A., Three-dimensional tongue surface shapes of English consonants and vowels. “J. Acoust. Soc. Am”, Jun 1996. 99(6): p. 3728–3737.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Waters, K., A Muscle Model for Animating Three-Dimensional Facial Expression, in Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH’ 87 Proceedings), Maureen C. Stone, Editor, jul 1987. p. 17-24.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Waters, K. and Levergood, T. M., DECface: An Automatic Lip-Synchronization Algorithm for Synthetic Faces, Technical Report CRL 93/4, Digital Equipment Corporation Cambridge Research Lab, Sep 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Wilhelms-Tricarico, R., Physiological modeling of speech production: Methods for modeling soft-tissue articulators. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., May 1995. 97(5): p. 3085–3098.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Wilhelms-Tricarico, R. F. and Perkell, J. S., Biomechanical and Physiological Based Speech Modeling, ed. Jon P.H. Von Santen et al. 1997: Springer. 221-233.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this paper

Cite this paper

King, S.A., Parent, R.E. (2000). A Parametric Tongue Model for Animated Speech. In: Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Thalmann, D., Arnaldi, B. (eds) Computer Animation and Simulation 2000. Eurographics. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6344-3_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6344-3_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-83549-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6344-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics