Abstract
Operator error has been blamed for many accidents and incidents in safety-critical systems. It is important that human-machine interface (HMI) designers are aware of the relationships between their design decisions, operator errors, and the hazards associated with a system. In this paper, we demonstrate how information from risk analysis can be combined with formal specification of the HMI, to support designers in exploring these relationships. We use the concept of interactor to model the human-machine interface (HMI); together with a concept of impact, which we define informally as: βthe effect that an action or sequence of actions has on the safe and successful operation of a system.β We show how interactors can be used as design representations for the HMI at the earliest stages of design, as well as providing a medium by which risk analysts can inform HMI designers about the impact of human-errors. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we consider a simple, gas-fired, electricity generating plant as a case study. Our proposed approach is intended to complement, rather than compete with, existing design and analysis methods for the HMI. The method achieves this by making risk analysis information available in the early stages of HMI design.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bello, G. C. and Colombari, V. (1980). Empirical technique to estimate operator errors (TESEO). Reliability Engineering, 1(3).
Dearden, A. and Harrison, M. (1996). Impact as a human factor in interactive system design. In Redmill, F. and Anderson, T., editors, Safety-critical Systems: The Convergence of High Tech and Human Factors, 184β199. Springer.
[Duke et al.,, 1994_Duke, D., Faconti, G., Harrison, M., and Paternoβ, F. (1994). Unifying views of interactors. In Proc. International Workshop on Advanced Visual Interfaces, 143β152. ACM Press.
Duke, D. and Harrison, M. (1994). FSM: Overview and Worked Examples. Technical Report SM/WP44, AMODEUS II project, ESPRIT Basic Research Action 7040.
Duke, D. J. and Harrison, M. D. (1993). Abstract interaction objects. Computer Graphics Forum, 12(3):25β36.
[Embrey et al., 1984]_Embrey, D. E., Humphreys, P. C., Rosa, E. A., Kirwan, B., and Rea, K. (1984). SLIM-MAUD: An Approach to Assessing Human Error Probabilities Using Structured Expert Judgement. Technical Report NUREG / CR 3518, Brookhaven National Laboratory.
[Fields et al., 1995]_Fields, R., Wright, P., and Harrison, M. (1995). A task centred approach to analysing human error tolerance requirements. In Zave, P., editor, Proceedings, REβ95 The Second IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering, York, UK, 18β26. IEEE, New York.
Foley, J. D. and Sukaviriya, P. N. (1995). History, Results and Bibliography of the User Interface Design Environment (UIDE), an Early Model-Based System for User Interface Design and Development. In Paternoβ, F., editor, Interactive Systems: Design, Specification and Verification, 3β14. Springer Verlag.
[Hannaman et al., 1984]Hannaman, G. W., Spurgin, A. J., and Lukic, Y. D. (1984). A model for assessing human cognitive reliability in PRA studies. Technical Report NUS 4531, Electrical Power Research Institute.
Henley, E. J. and Kumamoto, H. (1981). Reliability Engineering and Risk Assessment. Prentice Hall.
Hollnagel, E. (1993). The phenotype of erroneous actions. Int. Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 39(1):1β32.
Johnson, C. W. (to appear). Documenting the design of safety-critical user interfaces. Interacting with Computers.
Kirwan, B. (1992). Human error identification in human reliability assessment. Part I: Overview of approaches. Applied Ergonomics, 23(5):299β318.
Ryan, M., Fiadeiro, J., and Maibaum, T. (1991). Sharing actions and attributes in modal action logic. In Ito, T. and Meyer, A., editors, Theoretical Aspects of Computer Software, volume 526 of Lecture notes in computer science, 569β593. Springer Verlag.
Swain, A. D. and Guttman, H. E. (1983). Handbook of Human Reliability Analysis with Emphasis on Nuclear Power Plant Applications, Final Report. Technical Report NUREG/CR-1278 SAND80-0200 RX, AN, U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Villemeur, A. (1992a). Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety Assessment, volume 1. John Wiley.
Villemeur, A. (1992b). Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety Assessment, volume 2. John Wiley.
Woods, D. D., Johannesen, L. J., Cook, R. I., and Sarter, N. B. (1994). Behind Human Error: Cognitive Systems, Computers, and Hindsight. Technical report, CSERIAC, Ohio State University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Β© 1996 Springer-Verlag/Wien
About this paper
Cite this paper
Dearden, A.M., Harrison, M.D. (1996). Risk Analysis, Impact and Interaction Modelling. In: Bodart, F., Vanderdonckt, J. (eds) Design, Specification and Verification of Interactive Systems β96. Eurographics. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7491-3_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7491-3_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-211-82900-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-7491-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive