Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Studying Co-design

How Place and Representation Would Change the Co-design Behavior?

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Computer-Aided Architectural Design. Future Trajectories (CAADFutures 2017)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 724))

  • 1895 Accesses

Abstract

This paper reports the results of a protocol study which explores behavior of designers while they design in pairs using sketching (analogue and remote) and 3D modeling tools (co-located and remote) in co-located and remote locations. The design protocol videos were collected, transcribed, segmented and coded with the customized coding scheme. The coded protocol data was examined to understand the changes of designers’ co-design process and their activities of making representation in four different settings. This paper discusses the impact of location and types of representation on collaborative design. The paper concludes that designers were able to adapt their collaboration and design strategies in accordance with the affordability of the used digital environments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Arias, E., Eden, H., Fischer, G., Gorman, A., Scharff, E.: Transcending the individual human mind—creating shared understanding through collaborative design. ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Interact. 7(1), 84–113 (2000). doi:10.1145/344949.345015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Kim, M., Maher, M.L.: Comparison of designers using a tangible user interface & graphical user interface and impact on spatial cognition. In: Proceedings of International Workshop on Human Behaviour in Designing, Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 81–94 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Seichter, H., Schnabel, M.A.: Digital and tangible sensation: an augmented reality urban design studio. In: 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, CAADRIA, New Delhi, India (2005). doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6528-6_1

  4. Ko, C.H., Chang, T.C.: Evaluation and student perception of augmented reality-based design collaboration. Management 6(6), 6 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Anders, P., Lonsing, W.: Ambiviewer: a tool for creating architectural mixed reality. In: ACAADI, pp 104–113 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Sung, W.: Sketching in 3D Towards a Fluid Space for Mind and Body. SMArch Thesis. MIT Architecture, Cambridge (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  7. De Vries, B.: Sketching in 3D. In: ECAADE, pp. 277–280 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Schnabel, M.A., Kvan, T.: Design, communication & collaboration in immersive virtual environments. Int. J. Des. Comput. Spec. Issue Des. Virtual Worlds 4 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kvan, T., Vera, A., West. R.: Expert and situated actions in collaborative design. In: 2nd International Workshop on Computer Support Cooperative Work in Design. International Academic Publisher, Beijing (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gül, L.F.: Understanding Collaborative Design in Different Environments. University of Sydney, Ph.D. Thesis, Australia (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bowen, S., Durrant, A., Nissen, B.: The value of designers’ creative practice within complex collaborations. Des. Stud. 46, 174–198 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.destud.2016.06.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Leon, M., Doolan, D.C., Laing, R., Malins, J., Salman, H.: Application of interactive surfaces to support computer mediated collaborative design environment. In: 18th International Conference on Information Visualisation (2014). doi:10.1109/IV.2014.30

  13. Lee, S., Ezer, N., Sanford, J., Do, E.Y.: Designing together while apart: the role of computer-mediated communication and collaborative virtual environments on design collaboration. In: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (2009). doi:10.1109/ICSMC.2009.5346849

  14. Remko, V.: Functions of sketching in design idea generation meetings. In: C&C’ 02, ACM, Loughborough, Leic (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gül, L.F., Maher, M.L.: Co-creating external design representations: comparing face-to-face sketching to designing in virtual environments. Co-Design 5(2), 117–138 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Porter, T., Neale, J.: Architectural Supermodels. Architectural Press, Oxford (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Achten, H., Joosen, G.: The digital design process-reflections on a single design case. In: Digital Design, 21st ECAADe Conference Proceedings, Graz, Austria, pp. 269–274 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Laseau, P.: Graphic Thinking for Architects and Designers. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Raskin, J.: The Human Interface: New Directions to Design Interactive Systems. Addison Wesley, Boston (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Eckert, C., Boujut, J.: The role of objects in design co-operation: communication through physical or virtual objects. Comput. Support. Coop. Work 12, 145–151 (2003). doi:10.1023/A:1023954726209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Maher, M.L., Bilda, Z., Gül, L.F.: Impact of collaboratve virtual environments on design behaviour. In: Gero, J. (ed.) Design Computing and Cognition’06, pp. 305–321. Springer, Netherlands (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Gül, L.F., Halıcı, S.M., Uzun, C., Esengün, M.: Understanding the impact of mobile augmented reality on co-design cognition and co-modeling. In: Luo, Y. (ed) Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering, 13th International Conference, CDVE 2016, Sydney, NSW, Australia (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Watson, J.: Is thinking merely the action of language mechanism? Br. J. Psychol. 11, 87–104 (1920). doi:10.1348/000712608X336095

    Google Scholar 

  24. Eastman, C.: Explorations of the Cognitive Processes in Design. Department of Computer Science Report, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ericsson, K., Simon, H.: Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data. MIT Press, Cambridge (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Eppler, M.J., Kernbach, S.: Dynagrams: enhancing design thinking through dynamic diagrams. Des. Stud. 47, 91–117 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.destud.2016.09.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Suwa, M., Tversky, B.: What do architects and students perceive in their design sketches? A protocol analysis. Des. Stud. 18, 385–403 (1997). doi:10.1016/S0142-694X(97)00008-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Vygotsky, L.: Thought and Language. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Goldschmidt, G.: Designer as a team of one. Des. Stud. 16, 189–209 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Gabriel, G., Maher, M.L.: Coding and modeling communication in architectural collaborative design. In: Ataman, O., Bermudez, J. (eds) ACADIA’99, pp. 152–166 (1999). doi:10.1016/S0926-5805(00)00098-4

  31. Gero, J.S., Neill, T.M.: An approach to the analysis of design protocols. Des. Stud. 19, 21–61 (1998). doi:10.1016/S0142-694X(97)00015-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Vera, A.H., Kvan, T., West, R.L., Lai, S.: Expertise, collaboration and bandwidth. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 502–510 (1998). doi:10.1145/274644.274712

  33. Cross, N.: Natural intelligence in design. Des. Stud. 20, 25–39 (1999). doi:10.1016/S0142-694X(98)00026-X

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  34. Gül, L.F.: Evaluating software support for multimedia data analysis in design studies. In: Computer-Aided Qualitative Research Europe: Lisbon University (workshop) (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Alonso, H.V., Kvan, T., West, R.W., Lai, S.: Expertise, collaboration and bandwidth. In: CHI (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Dourish, P.: The appropriation of interactive technologies: some lessons from placeless documents. JCSCW 12(4), 465–490 (2003). doi:10.1023/A:1026149119426

    Google Scholar 

  37. Muller, M., Neureiter, K., Verdezoto, N., Krischkowsky, A., Zubaidi-Polli, A.M., Tscheligi, M.: Collaborative appropriation: how couples, teams, groups and communities adapt and adopt technologies. In: CSCW’16 Companion, San Francisco, CA, pp. 473–480 (2016). doi:10.1145/2818052.2855508

  38. Cardella, M.E., Atman, C.J., Adams, R.S.: Mapping between design activities and external representations for engineering student designers. Des. Stud. 27, 5–24 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.destud.2005.05.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Maher, M.L., Bilda, Z., Gu, N., Gül, L.F, Marchant, D.: Collaborative Process: Research Report on Use of Virtual Environment. The University of Sydney (2005)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research is funded by TÜBİTAK under project number 115K515 titled as ‘A study of co-design cognition in virtual environments: Do presence and types of representation change design behavior? The authors wish to thank the participants of the study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istanbul Technical University, Beyoğlu/Istanbul, Turkey

    Leman Figen Gül, Can Uzun & Süheyla Müge Halıcı

Authors
  1. Leman Figen Gül
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Can Uzun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Süheyla Müge Halıcı
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Leman Figen Gül .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Gülen Çağdaş

  2. Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Mine Özkar

  3. Istanbul Technical University , Istanbul, Turkey

    Leman Figen Gül

  4. Istanbul Technical University , Istanbul, Turkey

    Ethem Gürer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Gül, L.F., Uzun, C., Halıcı, S.M. (2017). Studying Co-design. In: Çağdaş, G., Özkar, M., Gül, L., Gürer, E. (eds) Computer-Aided Architectural Design. Future Trajectories. CAADFutures 2017. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 724. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5197-5_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5197-5_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5196-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-5197-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics