Abstract
In this paper, we compare the performance of several machine learning based approaches for the tasks of detecting algorithmically generated malicious domains and the categorization of domains according to their malware family. The datasets used for model comparison were provided by the shared task on Detecting Malicious Domain names (DMD 2018). Our models ranked first for two out of the four test datasets provided in the competition.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
http://nlp.amrita.edu/DMD2018/, Accessed: 2018-07-18.
- 2.
https://github.com/baderj/domain_generation_algorithms, Accessed: 2018-07-24.
- 3.
https://data.netlab.360.com/dga/, Accessed: 2018-07-24.
- 4.
https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2016/12/14/cisco-umbrella-1-million/, Accessed: 2018-07-24.
- 5.
https://dgarchive.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/site/, Accessed: 2018-07-24.
- 6.
https://www.farsightsecurity.com/, Accessed: 2018-07-24.
- 7.
https://www.spamhaus.org/statistics/tlds/, Accessed: 2018-07-18.
References
Does Alexa have a list of its top-ranked websites? https://support.alexa.com/hc/en-us/articles/200449834-Does-Alexa-have-a-list-of-its-top-ranked-websites-. Accessed 28 May 2017
OSINT feeds from Bambenek Consulting. http://osint.bambenekconsulting.com/feeds/. Accessed 28 May 2017
Antonakakis, M., et al.: From throw-away traffic to bots: detecting the rise of DGA-based malware. In: USENIX Security Symposium, vol. 12 (2012)
Bilge, L., Kirda, E., Kruegel, C., Balduzzi, M.: Exposure: finding malicious domains using passive DNS analysis. In: NDSS Symposium (2011)
Dhingra, B., Zhou, Z., Fitzpatrick, D., Muehl, M., Cohen, W.: Tweet2vec: character-based distributed representations for social media. In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, vol. 2, pp. 269–274 (2016)
Lison, P., Mavroeidis, V.: Automatic detection of malware-generated domains with recurrent neural models. preprint arXiv:1709.07102 (2017)
Plohmann, D., Yakdan, K., Klatt, M., Bader, J., Gerhards-Padilla, E.: A comprehensive measurement study of domain generating malware. In: USENIX Security Symposium, pp. 263–278 (2016)
Saxe, J., Berlin, K.: eXpose: A character-level convolutional neural network with embeddings for detecting malicious urls, file paths and registry keys. preprint arXiv:1702.08568 (2017)
Schiavoni, S., Maggi, F., Cavallaro, L., Zanero, S.: Phoenix: DGA-based botnet tracking and intelligence. In: Dietrich, S. (ed.) DIMVA 2014. LNCS, vol. 8550, pp. 192–211. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08509-8_11
Tran, D., Mac, H., Tong, V., Tran, H.A., Nguyen, L.G.: A LSTM based framework for handling multiclass imbalance in DGA botnet detection. Neurocomputing 275, 2401–2413 (2018)
Vinayakumar, R., Poornachandran, P., Soman, K.P.: Scalable framework for cyber threat situational awareness based on domain name systems data analysis. In: Roy, S.S., Samui, P., Deo, R., Ntalampiras, S. (eds.) Big Data in Engineering Applications. SBD, vol. 44, pp. 113–142. Springer, Singapore (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8476-8_6
Vinayakumar, R., Soman, K., Poornachandran, P.: Detecting malicious domain names using deep learning approaches at scale. J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. 34(3), 1355–1367 (2018)
Vinayakumar, R., Soman, K., Poornachandran, P., Sachin Kumar, S.: Evaluating deep learning approaches to characterize and classify the DGAs at scale. J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. 34(3), 1265–1276 (2018)
Vosoughi, S., Vijayaraghavan, P., Roy, D.: Tweet2vec: learning tweet embeddings using character-level CNN-LSTM encoder-decoder. In: Proceedings of the 39th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 1041–1044 (2016)
Woodbridge, J., Anderson, H.S., Ahuja, A., Grant, D.: Predicting domain generation algorithms with long short-term memory networks. preprint arXiv:1611.00791 (2016)
Yadav, S., Reddy, A.K.K., Reddy, A.L.N., Ranjan, S.: Detecting algorithmically generated malicious domain names. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, pp. 48–61 (2010)
Yu, B., Gray, D., Pan, J., De Cock, M., Nascimento, A.: Inline DGA detection with deep networks. In: Data Mining for Cyber Security, Proceedings of International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM2017) Workshops, pp. 683–692 (2017)
Yu, B., Pan, J., Hu, J., Nascimento, A., De Cock, M.: Character level based detection of DGA domain names. In: Proceedings of IJCNN at WCCI2018 (2018 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence), pp. 4168–4175 (2018)
Zhang, X., Zhao, J., LeCun, Y.: Character-level convolutional networks for text classification. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 28, 649–657 (2015)
Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge the support of NVIDIA Corporation with the donation of the Titan Xp GPU used for this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Choudhary, C., Sivaguru, R., Pereira, M., Yu, B., Nascimento, A.C., De Cock, M. (2019). Algorithmically Generated Domain Detection and Malware Family Classification. In: Thampi, S., Madria, S., Wang, G., Rawat, D., Alcaraz Calero, J. (eds) Security in Computing and Communications. SSCC 2018. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 969. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5826-5_50
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5826-5_50
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-5825-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-5826-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)