Skip to main content

Algorithmically Generated Domain Detection and Malware Family Classification

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Security in Computing and Communications (SSCC 2018)

Abstract

In this paper, we compare the performance of several machine learning based approaches for the tasks of detecting algorithmically generated malicious domains and the categorization of domains according to their malware family. The datasets used for model comparison were provided by the shared task on Detecting Malicious Domain names (DMD 2018). Our models ranked first for two out of the four test datasets provided in the competition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://nlp.amrita.edu/DMD2018/, Accessed: 2018-07-18.

  2. 2.

    https://github.com/baderj/domain_generation_algorithms, Accessed: 2018-07-24.

  3. 3.

    https://data.netlab.360.com/dga/, Accessed: 2018-07-24.

  4. 4.

    https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2016/12/14/cisco-umbrella-1-million/, Accessed: 2018-07-24.

  5. 5.

    https://dgarchive.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/site/, Accessed: 2018-07-24.

  6. 6.

    https://www.farsightsecurity.com/, Accessed: 2018-07-24.

  7. 7.

    https://www.spamhaus.org/statistics/tlds/, Accessed: 2018-07-18.

References

  1. Does Alexa have a list of its top-ranked websites? https://support.alexa.com/hc/en-us/articles/200449834-Does-Alexa-have-a-list-of-its-top-ranked-websites-. Accessed 28 May 2017

  2. OSINT feeds from Bambenek Consulting. http://osint.bambenekconsulting.com/feeds/. Accessed 28 May 2017

  3. Antonakakis, M., et al.: From throw-away traffic to bots: detecting the rise of DGA-based malware. In: USENIX Security Symposium, vol. 12 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bilge, L., Kirda, E., Kruegel, C., Balduzzi, M.: Exposure: finding malicious domains using passive DNS analysis. In: NDSS Symposium (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Dhingra, B., Zhou, Z., Fitzpatrick, D., Muehl, M., Cohen, W.: Tweet2vec: character-based distributed representations for social media. In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, vol. 2, pp. 269–274 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Lison, P., Mavroeidis, V.: Automatic detection of malware-generated domains with recurrent neural models. preprint arXiv:1709.07102 (2017)

  7. Plohmann, D., Yakdan, K., Klatt, M., Bader, J., Gerhards-Padilla, E.: A comprehensive measurement study of domain generating malware. In: USENIX Security Symposium, pp. 263–278 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Saxe, J., Berlin, K.: eXpose: A character-level convolutional neural network with embeddings for detecting malicious urls, file paths and registry keys. preprint arXiv:1702.08568 (2017)

  9. Schiavoni, S., Maggi, F., Cavallaro, L., Zanero, S.: Phoenix: DGA-based botnet tracking and intelligence. In: Dietrich, S. (ed.) DIMVA 2014. LNCS, vol. 8550, pp. 192–211. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08509-8_11

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Tran, D., Mac, H., Tong, V., Tran, H.A., Nguyen, L.G.: A LSTM based framework for handling multiclass imbalance in DGA botnet detection. Neurocomputing 275, 2401–2413 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Vinayakumar, R., Poornachandran, P., Soman, K.P.: Scalable framework for cyber threat situational awareness based on domain name systems data analysis. In: Roy, S.S., Samui, P., Deo, R., Ntalampiras, S. (eds.) Big Data in Engineering Applications. SBD, vol. 44, pp. 113–142. Springer, Singapore (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8476-8_6

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Vinayakumar, R., Soman, K., Poornachandran, P.: Detecting malicious domain names using deep learning approaches at scale. J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. 34(3), 1355–1367 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Vinayakumar, R., Soman, K., Poornachandran, P., Sachin Kumar, S.: Evaluating deep learning approaches to characterize and classify the DGAs at scale. J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. 34(3), 1265–1276 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Vosoughi, S., Vijayaraghavan, P., Roy, D.: Tweet2vec: learning tweet embeddings using character-level CNN-LSTM encoder-decoder. In: Proceedings of the 39th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 1041–1044 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Woodbridge, J., Anderson, H.S., Ahuja, A., Grant, D.: Predicting domain generation algorithms with long short-term memory networks. preprint arXiv:1611.00791 (2016)

  16. Yadav, S., Reddy, A.K.K., Reddy, A.L.N., Ranjan, S.: Detecting algorithmically generated malicious domain names. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, pp. 48–61 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Yu, B., Gray, D., Pan, J., De Cock, M., Nascimento, A.: Inline DGA detection with deep networks. In: Data Mining for Cyber Security, Proceedings of International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM2017) Workshops, pp. 683–692 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Yu, B., Pan, J., Hu, J., Nascimento, A., De Cock, M.: Character level based detection of DGA domain names. In: Proceedings of IJCNN at WCCI2018 (2018 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence), pp. 4168–4175 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang, X., Zhao, J., LeCun, Y.: Character-level convolutional networks for text classification. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 28, 649–657 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the support of NVIDIA Corporation with the donation of the Titan Xp GPU used for this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Martine De Cock .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Choudhary, C., Sivaguru, R., Pereira, M., Yu, B., Nascimento, A.C., De Cock, M. (2019). Algorithmically Generated Domain Detection and Malware Family Classification. In: Thampi, S., Madria, S., Wang, G., Rawat, D., Alcaraz Calero, J. (eds) Security in Computing and Communications. SSCC 2018. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 969. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5826-5_50

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5826-5_50

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-5825-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-5826-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics