Skip to main content

Algorithms for 1-Planar Graphs

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Beyond Planar Graphs

Abstract

A 1-planar graph is a graph that can be embedded in the plane with at most one crossing per edge. It is known that testing 1-planarity of a graph is NP-complete. This chapter reviews the algorithmic results on 1-planar graphs. We first review a linear time algorithm for testing maximal 1-planarity of a graph if a rotation system (i.e., the circular ordering of edges for each vertex) is given. A graph is maximal 1-planar if the addition of an edge destroys 1-planarity. Next, we sketch a linear time algorithm for testing outer-1-planarity. A graph is outer-1-planar if it has an embedding in which every vertex is on the outer face and each edge has at most one crossing. The 1-plane graphs have two forbidden subgraphs to admit a straight-line drawing. We review a linear time algorithm for constructing a straight-line drawing of 1-plane graphs. Finally, we conclude with reviews on recent related results.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Auer, C., Bachmaier, C., Brandenburg, F.J., Gleißner, A., Hanauer, K., Neuwirth, D., Reislhuber, J.: Outer 1-planar graphs. Algorithmica 74(4), 1293–1320 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-015-0002-1

  2. Auer, C., Brandenburg, F.J., Gleißner, A., Reislhuber, J.: 1-planarity of graphs with a rotation system. J. Graph Algorithms Appl. 19(1), 67–86 (2015). https://doi.org/10.7155/jgaa.00347

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Bannister, M.J., Cabello, S., Eppstein, D.: Parameterized complexity of 1-planarity. J. Graph Algorithms Appl. 22(1), 23–49 (2018). https://doi.org/10.7155/jgaa.00457

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Battista, G.D., Eades, P., Tamassia, R., Tollis, I.G.: Graph Drawing: Algorithms for the Visualization of Graphs. Prentice-Hall (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Battista, G.D., Tamassia, R.: On-line maintenance of triconnected components with spqr-trees. Algorithmica 15(4), 302–318 (1996)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Borodin, O.V.: Solution of the Ringel problem on vertex-face coloring of planar graphs and coloring of \(1\)-planar graphs. Metody Diskret. Analiz. 41, 12–26, 108 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Borodin, O.V., Kostochka, A.V., Raspaud, A., Sopena, E.: Acyclic colouring of 1-planar graphs. Discret. Appl. Math. 114(1–3), 29–41 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Cabello, S., Mohar, B.: Adding one edge to planar graphs makes crossing number and 1-planarity hard. SIAM J. Comput. 42(5), 1803–1829 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1137/120872310

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Chiba, N., Yamanouchi, T., Nishizeki, T.: Linear Time Algorithms for Convex Drawings of Planar Graphs. Progress in Graph Theory, pp. 153–173 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Eades, P., Hong, S., Katoh, N., Liotta, G., Schweitzer, P., Suzuki, Y.: A linear time algorithm for testing maximal 1-planarity of graphs with a rotation system. Theor. Comput. Sci. 513, 65–76 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2013.09.029

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Eades, P., Hong, S., Liotta, G., Katoh, N., Poon, S.: Straight-line drawability of a planar graph plus an edge. In: Dehne, F., Sack, J., Stege, U. (eds.) Algorithms and Data Structures - 14th International Symposium, WADS 2015, Victoria, BC, Canada, August 5–7, 2015. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9214, pp. 301–313. Springer (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21840-3_25

  12. Fabrici, I., Madaras, T.: The structure of 1-planar graphs. Discret. Math. 307(7–8), 854–865 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Fáry, I.: On straight line representations of planar graphs. Acta Sci. Math. Szeged 11, 229–233 (1948)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. de Fraysseix, H., Pach, J., Pollack, R.: How to draw a planar graph on a grid. Combinatorica 10(1), 41–51 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02122694

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Grigoriev, A., Bodlaender, H.L.: Algorithms for graphs embeddable with few crossings per edge. Algorithmica 49(1), 1–11 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-007-0010-x

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Hong, S., Eades, P., Katoh, N., Liotta, G., Schweitzer, P., Suzuki, Y.: A linear-time algorithm for testing outer-1-planarity. Algorithmica 72(4), 1033–1054 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-014-9890-8

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Hong, S., Nagamochi, H.: An algorithm for constructing star-shaped drawings of plane graphs. Comput. Geom. 43(2), 191–206 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comgeo.2009.06.008

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Hong, S., Nagamochi, H.: Re-embedding a 1-plane graph into a straight-line drawing in linear time. In: Hu, Y., Nöllenburg, M., (eds.) Graph Drawing and Network Visualization - 24th International Symposium, GD 2016, Athens, Greece, September 19–21, 2016, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9801, pp. 321–334. Springer (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50106-2_25

  19. Hong, S., Nagamochi, H.: A linear-time algorithm for testing full outer-2-planarity. Discret. Appl. Math. 255, 234–257 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2018.08.018

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Hong, S.H., Eades, P., Liotta, G., Poon, S.H.: Fáry’s theorem for 1-planar graphs. In: Gudmundsson, J., Mestre, J., Viglas, T., (eds.) Proceedings of COCOON 2012, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7434, pp. 335–346. Springer (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hudák, D., Madaras, T., Suzuki, Y.: On properties of maximal 1-planar graphs. Discuss. Math. Graph Theory 32(4), 737–747 (2012). https://doi.org/10.7151/dmgt.1639

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Korzhik, V.P., Mohar, B.: Minimal obstructions for 1-immersions and hardness of 1-planarity testing. J. Graph Theory 72(1), 30–71 (2013)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Nagamochi, H.: Straight-line drawability of embedded graphs, Technical Report 2013–005. Kyoto University, Japan, Department of Applied Mathematics and Physics (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Nishizeki, T., Rahman, M.S.: Planar Graph Drawing. Lecture Notes Series on Computing, vol. 12. World Scientific (2004). https://doi.org/10.1142/5648

  25. Pach, J., Tóth, G.: Graphs drawn with few crossings per edge. Combinatorica 17(3), 427–439 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. Ringel, G.: Ein Sechsfarbenproblem auf der Kugel. Abh. Math. Sem. Univ. Hamburg 29, 107–117 (1965)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Suzuki, Y.: Optimal 1-planar graphs which triangulate other surfaces. Discret. Math. 310(1), 6–11 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2009.07.016

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Suzuki, Y.: Re-embeddings of maximum 1-planar graphs. SIAM J. Discret. Math. 24(4), 1527–1540 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1137/090746835

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Thomassen, C.: Rectilinear drawings of graphs. J. Graph Theory 12(3), 335–341 (1988)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  30. Zhang, X., Wu, J.L.: On edge colorings of 1-planar graphs. Inform. Process. Lett. 111(3), 124–128 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2010.11.001

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by ARC (Australian Research Council) Discovery Project grant.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seok-Hee Hong .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hong, SH. (2020). Algorithms for 1-Planar Graphs. In: Hong, SH., Tokuyama, T. (eds) Beyond Planar Graphs. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6533-5_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6533-5_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-6532-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-6533-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics