Skip to main content

Identifying Counterfeit Medicine in Bangladesh Using Deep Learning

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Human Centred Intelligent Systems (KES-HCIS 2021)

Part of the book series: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies ((SIST,volume 244))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The abundance of counterfeit medicine especially in countries like Bangladesh is causing a serious threat to public health. Several invasive approaches and lab-based methods are available but not affordable by the common people neither in terms of money nor in terms of specialist knowledge. In this paper, we proposed a non-invasive alert system to separate approved brands of pharmaceutical companies from fake or banned brands using logo images of the company taken using a mobile phone. Later, if the logo is identified as from an approved brand, then we check if the logo is real or fake. If the logo is not listed in the approved brands or in the list of banned brands or the logo is fake, the system will alert the user about probable fake medicine. We used the pre-trained VGG-16 model through transfer learning and obtained 96% test accuracy in brand recognition and 84% test accuracy in fake detection.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.amtob.org.bd/home/industrystatics.

  2. 2.

    inkscape.org.

References

  1. Low-quality drug production: Ban stays on 20 drug companies. The Daily Star (2017). https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/low-quality-drug-production-ban-stays-20-drug-companies-1360867

  2. Alsallal, M., Sharif, M.S., Al-Ghzawi, B., Mlkat al Mutoki, S.M.: A machine learning technique to detect counterfeit medicine based on x-ray fluorescence analyser. In: 2018 International Conference on Computing, Electronics Communications Engineering (iCCECE), pp. 118–122 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Barstis, T.L.O., Flynn, P.P., Lieberman, M.: Analytical devices for detection of low-quality pharmaceuticals, May 2016

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chollet, F.: keras. https://github.com/fchollet/keras (2015)

  5. Davison, M.: Pharmaceutical Anti-Counterfeiting: Combating the Real Danger from Fake Drugs. John Wiley Inc. (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Deng, J., Dong, W., Socher, R., Li, L.J., Li, K., Fei-Fei, L.: ImageNet: a large-scale hierarchical image database. In: CVPR09 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., Courville, A.: Deep Learning. The MIT Press (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Komsta, L., Waksmundzka-Hajnos, M., Sherma, J.: Thin Layer Chromatography in Drug Analysis, 1 edn. CRC Press (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Leem, J.W., et al.: Edible unclonable functions. Nature Commun. 11, 328 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. NeuroTags: How counterfeiting can be solved with the AI monitored serialization technology. White paper (2019). https://www.neurotags.com/white-papers/foolproof-anti-counterfeiting-technology

  11. Sample, I.: Fake drugs kill more than 250,000 children a year, doctors warn. The Guardian (2019). https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/mar/11/fake-drugs-kill-more-than-250000-children-a-year-doctors-warn

  12. Serban, A., IlaĹź, G., PoruĹźniuc, G.C.: SpotTheFake: an initial report on a new CNN-enhanced platform for counterfeit goods detection (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Sharma, A., Srinivasan, V., Kanchan, V., Subramanian, L.: The fake vs real goods problem: Microscopy and machine learning to the rescue. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, KDD 2017, pp. 2011–2019. Association for Computing Machinery, New Yor (2017). https://doi.org/10.1145/3097983.3098186

  14. Simonyan, K., Zisserman, A.: Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Wadud, M.: Bangladesh’s battle with fake and low-standard medicine. The New Humanitarian (2012). https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/feature/2013/11/04/bangladesh-s-battle-fake-and-low-standard-medicine

Download references

Acknowledgement

Thanks to the Institute of Energy, Environment, Research and Development (IEERD), University of Asia Pacific for funding the registration fee.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bilkis Jamal Ferdosi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Ferdosi, B.J., Sakib, M.A., Islam, M.S., Dhar, J. (2021). Identifying Counterfeit Medicine in Bangladesh Using Deep Learning. In: Zimmermann, A., Howlett, R.J., Jain, L.C., Schmidt, R. (eds) Human Centred Intelligent Systems . KES-HCIS 2021. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 244. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3264-8_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics