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Rethinking Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) – From Generative Algorithms and Architectural Intelligence to Environmental Design and Ambient Intelligence

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Computer-Aided Architectural Design. Design Imperatives: The Future is Now (CAAD Futures 2021)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 1465))

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Abstract

Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) finds its historical precedents in technological enthusiasm for generative algorithms and architectural intelligence. Current developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and paradigms in Machine Learning (ML) bring new opportunities for creating innovative digital architectural tools, but in practice this is not happening. CAAD enthusiasts revisit generative algorithms, while professional architects and urban designers remain reluctant to use software that automatically generates architecture and cities. This paper looks at the history of CAAD and digital tools for Computer Aided Design (CAD), Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in order to reflect on the role of AI in future digital tools and professional practices. Architects and urban designers have diagrammatic knowledge and work with design problems on symbolic level. The digital tools gradually evolved from CAD to BIM software with symbolical architectural elements. The BIM software works like CAAD (CAD systems for Architects) or digital board for drawing and delivers plans, sections and elevations, but without AI. AI has the capability to process data and interact with designers. The AI in future digital tools for CAAD and Computer-Aided Urban Design (CAUD) can link to big data and develop ambient intelligence. Architects and urban designers can harness the benefits of analytical ambient intelligent AIs in creating environmental designs, not only for shaping buildings in isolated virtual cubicles. However there is a need to prepare frameworks for communication between AIs and professional designers. If the cities of the future integrate spatially analytical AI, are to be made smart or even ambient intelligent, AI should be applied to improving the lives of inhabitants and help with their daily living and sustainability.

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Acknowledgements

The authors of this paper gratefully acknowledge the grants P44455-1 and P44455-2 from the Swedish Energy Agency, Energimyndigheten.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

    Todor Stojanovski, Hui Zhang, Emma Frid, Kiran Chhatre & Christopher Peters

  2. Urban Morphology Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

    Ivor Samuels

  3. Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia

    Paul Sanders

  4. Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia

    Jenni Partanen

  5. Sapienza, Rome, Italy

    Deborah Lefosse

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  1. Todor Stojanovski
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  2. Hui Zhang
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  3. Emma Frid
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Correspondence to Todor Stojanovski .

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  1. University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    David Gerber

  2. University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Evangelos Pantazis

  3. Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

    Biayna Bogosian

  4. University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

    Alicia Nahmad

  5. Aalto University, Espoo, Finland

    Constantinos Miltiadis

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Stojanovski, T. et al. (2022). Rethinking Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) – From Generative Algorithms and Architectural Intelligence to Environmental Design and Ambient Intelligence. In: Gerber, D., Pantazis, E., Bogosian, B., Nahmad, A., Miltiadis, C. (eds) Computer-Aided Architectural Design. Design Imperatives: The Future is Now. CAAD Futures 2021. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1465. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1280-1_5

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