Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Capacity Building in Government: Towards Developing a Standard for a Functional Specialist in AI for Public Services

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Future Data and Security Engineering. Big Data, Security and Privacy, Smart City and Industry 4.0 Applications (FDSE 2022)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 1688))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

One key aspect related to the spread of data and artificial intelligence (hereinafter AI) related technologies in the public sector is the capability for supervision and implementation of these projects. With AI gaining popularity and spreading in all sectors including the government, the public sector should have enough professionals who are equipped with modern knowledge and practical skills on how to employ AI for public services while taking into account ethical and moral needs. One way to ensure that governments are able to employ these individuals is to build capacities and train these professionals. The paper presents the results of the preliminary research on the competences of a functional specialist in AI for public services. The data was collected through a questionnaire that was sent out to AI professionals with a high level of expertise who represent both public and private sector as well as international organisations. The research shows that there is no unanimous opinion of the role of such specialist. The majority of respondents lean towards seeing him/her/them as an intermediary between the technical side and public policy side, while some respondents consider him/her/them as a technical professional or a data scientist. In any case, a functional specialist in AI for public services is expected to have interdisciplinary knowledge and skills that include technical, business and management and design thinking skills. A detailed list of the required competences has to be defined later when more data is collected. In the preliminary research phase, the list of technical skill has caused the biggest debate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Aizenberg, E., Van Den Hoven, J.: Designing for human rights in AI. Big Data Soc. 7(2), 2053951720949566 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Dreyling, R., Jackson, E., Tammet, T., Labanava, A., Pappel, I.: Social, legal, and technical considerations for machine learning and artificial intelligence systems in government. In: Filipe, J., Smialek, M., Brodsky, A., (eds.) Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2021): Prague, 26 - 28 April 2021, Volume 1, pp. 701−708. SciTePress, Hammoudi, Slimane (2021). https://doi.org/10.5220/0010452907010708

  3. Sachs, J.D., Schmidt-Traub, G., Mazzucato, M., Messner, D., Nakicenovic, N., Rockström, J.: Six transformations to achieve the sustainable development goals. Nature sustainability 2(9), 805–814 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Gupta, J., Vegelin, C.: Sustainable development goals and inclusive development. Int. Envir. Agre. Polit. Law and Econ. 16(3), 433–448 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-016-9323-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Shah, H.: Algorithmic accountability. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376(2128), 20170362 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Cath, C., Wachter, S., Mittelstadt, B., Taddeo, M., Floridi, L.: Artificial Intelligence and the ‘Good Society’: the US, EU, and UK approach. Sci. Eng. Ethics 24(2), 505–528 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-017-9901-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Kuziemski, M., Misuraca. M.: AI governance in the public sector: three tales from the frontiers of automated decision-making in democratic settings. Telecommunications policy 44(6), 101976 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Yigitcanlar, T., Corchado, J.M., Mehmood, R., Yi Man Li, R., Mossberger, K., Desouza, K.: Responsible urban innovation with local government artificial intelligence (AI): a conceptual framework and research agenda. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Compl. 7(1), 71 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Mensah, J.: Sustainable development: meaning, history, principles, pillars, and implications for human action: literature review. Cogent Social Sciences 5(1), 1653531 (2019)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Allam, Z., Dhunny, Z.A.: On big data, artificial intelligence and smart cities. Cities 89, 80–91 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Secundo, G., Ndou, V., Del Vecchio, P., De Pascale, G.: Sustainable development, intellectual capital and technology policies: a structured literature review and future research agenda. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 153 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119917

  12. Bennett, S.J.: Investigating the role of moral decision-making in emerging artificial intelligence technologies. In: Conference Companion Publication of the 2019 on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, pp. 28–32 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Baškarada, S., Koronios. A.: Unicorn data scientist: the rarest of breeds. Program (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Alekseeva, L., Azar, J., Giné, M., Samila, S., Taska B.: The demand for AI skills in the labor market. Labour Economics, 71, issue C, number S0927537121000373 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Pappel, I., Oolu, K., Pappel, I., Draheim, D.: Driving Forces and Design of the TTÜ e-Governance Technologies and Services Master’s Program. In: Kő, A., Francesconi, E. (eds.) EGOVIS 2017. LNCS, vol. 10441, pp. 278–293. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64248-2_20

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Mortati, M., Christiansen, J., Maffei, S.: Design craft in Government, Positioning Paper – Track 4, Conference Proceedings, ServDes 2018, 18-20 June, Milan, Italy. ISBN: 978-91-7685-237-8 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mortati, M.: The nexus between design and policy: strong, weak, and non-design spaces in policy formulation. Des. J. 22(6), 1–18 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2019.1651599

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Latour, B.: Waiting for gaia: composing the common world through arts and politics. What is cosmopolitical design? Design, nature and the built environment. Routledge 2017. 41–52 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Batley. M.M.: AI adoption accelerated during the pandemic but many say it’s moving too fast: KPMG survey. Retrieved from https://info.kpmg.us/news-perspectives/technology-innovation/thriving-in-an-ai-world/ai-adoption-accelerated-during-pandemic.html (2020)

  20. Krishna, S., Campana, E., Chandrasekaran, S.: Thriving in AI World. KPMG. (April 2021). Retrieved from https://info.kpmg.us/content/dam/info/en/news-perspectives/pdf/2021/Updated%204.15.21%20-%20Thriving%20in%20an%20AI%20world.pdf (2021)

  21. Snaplogic: The AI Skills Gap, https://www.snaplogic.com/resources/infographics/ai-skills-gap-research. Last accessed 14 August 2022

  22. Deloitte: Future in the balance. How countries are pursuing an AI advantage? Deloitte Center for Technology, Media and Telecommunications report, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/lu/Documents/public-sector/lu-global-ai-survey.pdf. Last accessed 14 August 2022

  23. Zuiderwijk, A., Chen, Y.-C., Salem, F.: Implications of the use of artificial intelligence in public governance: A systematic literature review and a research agenda. Government Information Quarterly 38(3), 101577 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101577, ISSN 0740-624X

  24. Microsoft: Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector. European Outlook for 2020 and Beyond. How 213 Public Organizations Benefit from AI. Report commissioned by Microsoft and conducted by EY, https://info.microsoft.com/rs/157-GQE-382/images/EN-CNTNT-eBook-artificial-SRGCM3835.pdf. Last accessed 14 August 2022

  25. Squicciarini, M., Nachtigall, H.: OECD Working Paper. Demand for AI Skills in Jobs: Evidence from Online Job Posting. 25 Mar 2021 No. 2021/03 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1787/3ed32d94-en

  26. Samek, L., Squicciarini, M., Cammeraat. E.: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers No. 120. 22 Sep 2021. The Human Capital Behind AI. Jobs and Skills Demand from Online Jobs Postings (2021). https://doi.org/10.1787/2e278150-en

  27. LinkedIn: Jobs on the Rise in 2021. United States Report, https://business.linkedin.com/talent-solutions/resources/talent-acquisition/jobs-on-the-rise-us. Last accessed 14 August 2022

  28. Roca, T.: AI Talent in the European Labour Market. LinkedIn Economic Graph. (November 2019), https://economicgraph.linkedin.com/content/dam/me/economicgraph/en-us/PDF/AI-TAlent-in-the-European-Labour-Market.pdf. Last accessed 14 August 2022

  29. UK Government: 9 Key Findings from Understanding the UK AI Labour Market: 2020 Report, 9 key findings from Understanding the UK AI labour market: 2020 Report - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk), last accessed 14 August 2022

  30. LinkedIn: Jobs on the Rise. United Kingdom Report, Jobs on the Rise | United Kingdom (linkedin.com), last accessed 14 August 2022

    Google Scholar 

  31. LinkedIn: Jobs on the Rise. Spain Report, https://business.linkedin.com/es-es/talent-solutions/resources/talent-acquisition/jobs-on-the-rise-cont-fact, Last accessed 14 August 2022

  32. LinkedIn: Jobs on the Rise. France Report, https://business.linkedin.com/fr-fr/talent-solutions/resources/talent-acquisition/jobs-on-the-rise-cont-fact, last accessed 14 August 2022

  33. OECD: Core Skills for Public Sector Innovation. (April 2017). https://www.oecd.org/media/oecdorg/satellitesites/opsi/contents/files/OECD_OPSI-core_skills_for_public_sector_innovation-201704.pdf, last accessed 14 August 2022

  34. Agenzia per l’Italia Digitale: Competenze di e-leadership, 2. Principi e strategie per la mappatura e la valorizzazione (lg-competenzedigitali.readthedocs.io), last accessed 14 August 2022

    Google Scholar 

  35. UK Government: Civil Service Competency Framework 2012–2017. Civil Service Human Resources, cscf_fulla4potrait_2013–2017_v2d.pdf (publishing.service.gov.uk), last accessed 14 August 2022

    Google Scholar 

  36. Riigikantselei: Competency Framework, https://riigikantselei.ee/en/supporting-government-and-prime-minister/top-civil-service/competency-framework#innovation-booster, last accessed 14 August 2022

  37. Public Administration School of Catalonia: Competency framework for innovative professionals in public administrations. Public Administration School of Catalonia. (July 1, 2020), Comptetency framework for innovative professionals in public administrations (gencat.cat), last accessed 14 August 2022

    Google Scholar 

  38. Yin, R.K.: Case Study Research Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, p. 282

    Google Scholar 

  39. Carter, L., Bélanger. F.: The utilization of e‐government services: citizen trust, innovation and acceptance factors. Information Systems Journal 15(1), 5–25 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Colesca, S.E.: Understanding trust in e-government. Engineering Economics 63(3) (2009)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086, Tallinn, Estonia

    Alena Labanava, Richard Michael Dreyling III, Innar Liiv & Ingrid Pappel

  2. Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Marzia Mortati

Authors
  1. Alena Labanava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Richard Michael Dreyling III
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Marzia Mortati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Innar Liiv
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ingrid Pappel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alena Labanava .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Tran Khanh Dang

  2. Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Linz, Austria

    Josef Küng

  3. Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)

    Tai M. Chung

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Labanava, A., Dreyling, R.M., Mortati, M., Liiv, I., Pappel, I. (2022). Capacity Building in Government: Towards Developing a Standard for a Functional Specialist in AI for Public Services. In: Dang, T.K., Küng, J., Chung, T.M. (eds) Future Data and Security Engineering. Big Data, Security and Privacy, Smart City and Industry 4.0 Applications. FDSE 2022. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1688. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8069-5_34

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8069-5_34

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-19-8068-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-19-8069-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation