Abstract
In the contemporary context of quantum computing, the availability of quantum computing platforms through cloud services is increasing, which has democratized access to this technology. This is generating interest in the industry and the scientific community. However, the increasing demand for access to quantum computers is facing limited resource availability, leading to prolonged waiting times for users and high execution costs. Leveraging the under-utilization, it has already been shown that it is possible to optimize the use of current QPUs by scheduling quantum tasks, and the generated noise does not significantly affect the results. This can be achieved concretely by combining circuits. To this end, the main objective of this work is to define and validate three circuit scheduling policies for the QCRAFT Scheduler, improving the efficiency of QPU utilization and reducing both waiting times and associated task execution costs. A validation of each of the policies has been performed, achieving an average cost reduction of 83.67% and an average task reduction of 84.20% concerning the single execution of the same circuits.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
MacQuarrie, E.R., Simon, C., Simmons, S., Maine, E.: The emerging commercial landscape of quantum computing. Nat. Rev. Phys. 2(11), 596–598 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-020-00247-5
Singh, J., Bhangu, K.S.: Contemporary quantum computing use cases: taxonomy, review and challenges. Archiv. Comput. Methods Eng. 30(1), 615–638 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-022-09809-5
Islam, M.M., Rahaman, M.: A review on progress and problems of quantum computing as a service (GCAAS) in the perspective of cloud computing. Global J. Comp. Sci. Technol. 15(B4), 23–26 (2015)
Nguyen, H.T., Krishnan, P., Krishnaswamy, D., Usman, M., Buyya, R.: Quantum cloud computing: a review, open problems, and future directions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.11420 (2024)
Murillo, J.M., et al.: Challenges of quantum software engineering for the next decade: the road ahead. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.06825 (2024)
Dwivedi, K., Haghparast, M., Mikkonen, T.: Quantum software engineering and quantum software development lifecycle: a survey. Clust. Comput. 27(6), 7127–7145 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-024-04362-1
Alvarado-Valiente, J., Romero-Álvarez, J., Moguel, E., García-Alonso, J., Murillo, J.M.: Technological diversity of quantum computing providers: a comparative study and a proposal for API Gateway integration. Softw. Qual. J. 32(1), 53–73 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11219-023-09633-5
Leymann, F., Barzen, J.: The bitter truth about gate-based quantum algorithms in the NISGQ era. Quant. Sci. Technol. 5(4), 044007 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/abae7d
Arunarani, A., Manjula, D., Sugumaran, V.: Task scheduling techniques in cloud computing: a literature survey. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. 91, 407–415 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.09.014
Romero-Álvarez, J., Alvarado-Valiente, J., Casco-Seco, J., Moguel, E., Garcia-Alonso, J., Murillo, J.M.: A noise validation for quantum circuit scheduling through a service-oriented architecture. Int. J. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Eng. 34(09), 1371–1386 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218194024410018
Das, P., Tannu, S.S. , Nair, P.J., Qureshi, M.: A case for multi-programming quantum computers. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture, pp. 291–303 (2019)
Ichikawa, T., et al.: A comprehensive survey on quantum computer usage: how many qubits are employed for what purposes? arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.16130 (2023)
Murali, P., McKay, D.C., Martonosi, M., Javadi-Abhari, A.: Software mitigation of crosstalk on noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. In: International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pp. 1001–1016 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3373376.3378477
Brandt, H.E.: Qubit devices and the issue of quantum decoherence. Prog. Quant. Electron. 22, 257–370 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6727(99)00003-8
Johnstun, S., Van Huele, J.-F.: Understanding and compensating for noise on IBM quantum computers. Am. J. Phys. 89(10), 935–942 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1119/10.0006204
Liu, L., Dou, X.: Qucloud+: a holistic qubit mapping scheme for single/multi-programming on 2d/3d NISQ quantum computers. ACM Trans. Architect. Code Optimiz. 21(1), 1–27 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1145/3631525
Ohkura, Y., Satoh, T., et al.: Simultaneous execution of quantum circuits on current and near-future NISQ systems. IEEE Trans. Quant. Eng. 3, 1–10 (2022)
Usandizaga, E.M., Yue, T., Arcaini, P., Ali, S.: Which quantum circuit mutants shall be used? an empirical evaluation of quantum circuit mutations. arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.16913 (2023)
Seitz, P., et al.: SCIM MILQ: an HPC quantum scheduler. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.03512 (2024)
Acknowledgements
Supported by QSERV project (PID2021-1240454OB-C31), RED2022-134148-T, 0289_SER65_PLUS_6_P, and by grant PRE2022-102070 funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, ERDF/UE and by FSE+.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2025 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Alvarado-Valiente, J., Romero-Álvarez, J., Casco-Seco, J., Moguel, E., Garcia-Alonso, J., Murillo, J.M. (2025). Circuit Scheduling Policies on Current QPUs: QCRAFT Scheduler. In: Gaaloul, W., Sheng, M., Yu, Q., Yangui, S. (eds) Service-Oriented Computing. ICSOC 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 15405. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-0808-9_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-0808-9_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-96-0807-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-96-0808-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)