Abstract
Source localization in wireless networks is essential for spectrum utilization optimization. Traditional methods often require extensive transmitter information while existing deep learning approaches perform poorly in new and low sampling rate environments. We introduce LocNet, a deep learning approach that overcomes these limitations using a compact UNet-like architecture incorporating environmental maps. Unlike other deep learning strategies, LocNet adopts loss functions designed explicitly for imbalanced data, moving beyond the conventional mean-square error loss. Our comparative analysis reveals that LocNet outperforms other deep learning models by more than a factor of two. This advancement underscores LocNet’s suitability for real-world deployment across diverse operational contexts.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Atif, M., Ahmad, R., Ahmad, W., Zhao, L., Rodrigues, J.J.P.C.: UAV-assisted wireless localization for search and rescue. IEEE Syst. J. 15(3), 3261–3272 (2021)
Bizon, I., Nimr, A., Schulz, P., Chafii, M., Fettweis, G.P.: Blind transmitter localization using deep learning: a scalability study. In: IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) (2023)
Destino, G., Abreu, G.: On the maximum likelihood approach for source and network localization. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 59(10), 4954–4970 (2011)
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2016)
Hoppe, R., Wölfle, G., Jakobus, U.: Wave propagation and radio network planning software winprop added to the electromagnetic solver package FEKO. In: International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium - Italy (ACES), pp. 1–2 (2017)
Khaledi, M., et al.: Simultaneous power-based localization of transmitters for crowdsourced spectrum monitoring. In: Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 235–247 (2017)
Lin, L., So, H., Chan, Y.: Accurate and simple source localization using differential received signal strength. Digit. Signal Process. 23(3), 736–743 (2013)
Lin, M., Huang, Y., Li, B., Huang, Z., Zhang, Z., Zhao, W.: Deep learning-based multiple co-channel sources localization using bernoulli heatmap. Electronics 11(10) (2022)
Locke IV, W.A.: Deep learning approaches to radio map estimation. Master thesis. UNT Digital Library, University of North Texas (2023)
Mitchell, F., Baset, A., Patwari, N., Kasera, S.K., Bhaskara, A.: Deep learning-based localization in limited data regimes. In: Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Wireless Security and Machine Learning, pp. 15–20 (2022)
OpenStreetMap (2023). https://www.openstreetmap.org. Accessed 10 Oct 2023
Pinto, L.R., et al.: Radiological scouting, monitoring and inspection using drones. Sensors 21(9) (2021)
Rahman, M.Z., Habibi, D., Ahmad, I.: Source localisation in wireless sensor networks based on optimised maximum likelihood. In: Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (2008)
Redmon, J., Farhadi, A.: Yolov3: an incremental improvement. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.02767 (2018)
Ronneberger, O., Fischer, P., Brox, T.: U-net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. In: Navab, N., Hornegger, J., Wells, W., Frangi, A. (eds.) MICCAI 2015. LNCS, vol. 9351, pp. 234–241. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28
Sharma, A., Singh, P.K., Kumar, Y.: An integrated fire detection system using IoT and image processing technique for smart cities. Sustain. Urban Areas 61, 102332 (2020)
Teganya, Y., Romero, D.: Deep completion autoencoders for radio map estimation. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun. 21(3), 1710–1724 (2022)
Wang, W., Zhu, L., Huang, Z., Li, B., Yu, L., Cheng, K.: MT-GCNN: multi-task learning with gated convolution for multiple transmitters localization in urban scenarios. Sensors 22(22) (2022)
Yapar, Ç., Levie, R., Kutyniok, G., Caire, G.: Dataset of pathloss and ToA radio maps with localization application. arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.11777 (2022)
Zhan, C., Ghaderibaneh, M., Sahu, P., Gupta, H.: Deepmtl: deep learning based multiple transmitter localization. In: IEEE 22nd International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM) (2021)
Zhang, W., Liu, K., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Gu, J.: Deep neural networks for wireless localization in indoor and outdoor environments. Neurocomputing 194, 279–287 (2016)
Zubow, A., Bayhan, S., Gawłowicz, P., Dressler, F.: Deeptxfinder: multiple transmitter localization by deep learning in crowdsourced spectrum sensing. In: 2020 29th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN) (2020)
Acknowledgement
The research was sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory and was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-23-2-0014. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes, not withstanding any copyright notation herein.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Le, T.D., Huang, Y. (2024). Localization Through Deep Learning in New and Low Sampling Rate Environments. In: Yang, DN., Xie, X., Tseng, V.S., Pei, J., Huang, JW., Lin, J.CW. (eds) Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. PAKDD 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 14649. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2262-4_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2262-4_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-97-2264-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-97-2262-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)