Skip to main content

A Hybrid DCT/DST Based Embedding Framework for Video Steganography in H.265/HEVC

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications (ICIC 2024)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 14871))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

In H.265/HEVC, high occupancy rates in bitstreams indicate DCT/DST residual coefficients are ideal embedding positions for video steganography. This paper presents a novel hybrid video steganography embedding framework based on DCT/DST residual coefficients. For intra-prediction, 4 × 4 DST residual coefficients are selected as embedding carrier for high imperceptibility, intra-prediction modes and coefficient pairs are used for averting intra distortion drift and improving visual quality of stego video. For inter-prediction, 4 × 4 DCT residual coefficients and N-dimensional space coding are used for limiting inter-embedding error, where the superiority is that we can embed multiple bits of secret message while only one 4 × 4 DCT residual coefficient needs to be modified at most, where the high visual quality and low bit-rate increase can be achieved. The proposed embedding framework combines the advantages of the technique of intra-averting distortion drift and inter-N-dimensional space coding of DCT residual coefficients to an integrated solution, where increasing the embedding capacity significantly. The experimental results have been proven the superiority of the proposed video steganography embedding framework in terms of high visual quality, high embedding capacity and low bit rate increase.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Liu, Y.X., Liu, S., Wang, Y.H., Zhao, H.G.: Video coding and processing: a survey. Neurocomputing 408, 331–344 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Liu, Y.X., Liu, S.Y., Wang, Y.H., Zhao, H.G., et al.: Video steganography: a review. Neurocomputing 335(2019), 238–250 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kunhoth, J., et al.: Video steganography: recent advances and challenges. Multimedia Tools Appl. 82.27, 41943–41985 (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Sullivan, G.J., Ohm, J.R., Han, W.J., Wiegand, T.: Overview of the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 22(12), 1649–1668 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Wang, J.J.: An information hiding algorithm for HEVC based on angle differences of intra prediction mode. J. Softw. 10(2), 213–221 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Yao, Y.Z., Zhang, W.M., Yu, N.H., et al.: Defining embedding distortion for motion vector-based video steganography. Multimedia Tools Appl. 74(24), 11163–11186 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Xu, D.W., Wang, R.D., Shi, Y.Q.: Data hiding in encrypted H.264/AVC video streams by codeword substitution. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 9(4), 596–606 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ma, X.J., Li, Z.T., Tu, H., et al.: A data hiding algorithm for H. 264/AVC video streams without intra-frame distortion drift. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. Video Technol. 20(10), 1320–1330 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Liu, Y.X., Zhao, H.G., Liu, S.Y., et al.: A robust and improved visual quality data hiding method for HEVC. IEEE Access. 6, 53984–53987 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Liu, Y.X., Li, Z.T., Ma, X.J., Liu, J.: A robust without intra-frame distortion drift data hiding algorithm based on H.264/AVC. Multimedia Tools Appl. 72(1), 613–636 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Liu, Y., Jia, S., Hu, M., et al.: A reversible data hiding method for H.264 with Shamir’s (t, n)-threshold secret sharing. Neurocomputing 188, 63–70 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Swati, S., Khizar, H., Zafar, S.: A watermarking scheme for high efficiency video coding (HEVC). PLoS ONE 9(8), e105613 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Yang, J., Li, S.B.: An efficient information hiding method based on motion vector space encoding for HEVC. Multimedia Tools Appl. 77, 11979–12001 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-4844-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu, Y.X., Liu, S.Y., Zhao, H.G., et al.: A new data hiding method for H.265/HEVC video streams without intra-frame distortion drift. Multimedia Tools and Applications 78, 6459–6486 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhao, H.G., Liu, Y.X., Wang, Y.H., et al.: A video steganography method based on transform block decision for H.265/HEVC. IEEE Access. 9, 55506–55521 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3059654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhao, H.G., Liu, Y.X., Wang. Y.H.: A novel two-dimensional histogram shifting video steganography algorithm for video protection in H.265/HEVC. In: Intelligent Computing Methodologies: 18th International Conference, ICIC 2022, Xi’an, China, August 7–11, 2022, Proceedings, Part III. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13832-4_55

  17. Zhao, H.G., et al.: Using N-dimensional space coding of transform coefficients for video steganography in H.265/HEVC. In: International Conference on Intelligent Computing. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13832-4_55

Download references

Acknowledgment

This paper is sponsored by Henan International Joint Laboratory of Blockchain and Audio/Video Security, Henan Big Data Security and Privacy Development Innovation Laboratory, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Blockchain and CyberSecurity, and 2023 Henan Science&Technology Breakthrough project, “Research on Covert Communication Based on H.265 Video Steganography” (No. 232102210126).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yunxia Liu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Zhao, H., Liu, Y., Liu, H., Zheng, Y., Liu, S., Fang, H. (2024). A Hybrid DCT/DST Based Embedding Framework for Video Steganography in H.265/HEVC. In: Huang, DS., Zhang, C., Guo, J. (eds) Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications. ICIC 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14871. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5609-4_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5609-4_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-97-5608-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-97-5609-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics