Abstract
Existing object detection algorithms are difficult to perform object detection tasks on embedded devices under the limitations of energy efficiency ratio and power consumption due to complex network structure and huge computational and parametric quantities. The object detection task in infrared images has low recognition rate and high false alarm rate due to long distance, weak energy and low resolution. In order to achieve the detection task at the mobile edge of infrared vehicle pedestrian target detection, this paper puts the YOLOv5 algorithm into a series of optimizations and proposes a lightweight YOLO-mini network structure. That is, instead of CSPDarknet, the MobileNetV2 network structure is used as the backbone feature extraction network with the addition of coordinate attention mechanism. Also, to make the network model more lightweight, the weights are converted to int8 type by quantized sensing training, which enables the task of the object detection algorithm for infrared vehicle pedestrian dataset on embedded devices. Experiments testing the FLIR dataset on NVIDIA Xavier NX show that this algorithm greatly reduces the number of network model parameters with less loss of accuracy and improves the FPS. mAP of YOLO-MobileNetV2 reaches 86.75%, number of parameters 2.76M, and FPS of 45; The network structure of YOLO-mini achieves 84.63% mAP, 0.69M number of parameters, and 63 FPS.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and PatternRecognitio, pp. 770–778 (2016)
Zhu, H., Qin, L., Sun, B.: Review on parallelization of deep neural networks. J. Chin. J. Computer. 41(8), 171–191 (2018). https://doi.org/10.11897/SP.J.1016.2018.01861
Krizhevsky, I.S., Hinton, G.E.: ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of Advance Neural Information and Processing Systems, pp. 1097–1105 (2021)
Nair, V., Hinton, G.E.: Rectified linear units improve restricted Boltzmann machines. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 807–814 (2010)
Hinton, G.E., Srivastava, N., Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Salakhutdinov, R.R.: Improving neural networks by preventing coadaptation of feature detectors. arXiv:1207.0580 (2012)
Girshick, R., Donahue, J., Darrell, T., Malik, J.: Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 580–587 (2014)
Girshick, R., Donahue, J., Darrell, T., et al.: Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 580–587. IEEE Computer Society (2014)
Girshick, R.: Fast R-CNN. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1440–1448 (2015)
Ren, S., He, K.,Girshick, R., et al.: Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. In: Proceedings of the 2015 Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 91–99 (2015)
Liu, W., et al.: SSD: single shot multibox detector. In: Leibe, B., Matas, J., Sebe, N., Welling, M. (eds.) Computer Vision – ECCV 2016. LNCS, vol. 9905, pp. 21–37. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46448-0_2
Redmon, J.,Divvala, S., Girshick, R., et al.: You Only look once: unified, real time object detection. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 6517–6525 (2017)
Redmon, J., Farhadi, A.: YOLO 9000: better, faster, stronger. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 6517–6525 (2017)
Redmon, J., Farhadi, A.: Yolov3: an incremental improvement. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.arXiv:1804.0276 (2018)
Bochkovskiy, A., Wang, C.Y., Liao, H.Y.M.: YOLOv4: optimal speed and accuracy of object detection. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. arXiv:2004.10934v1 (2020)
Jocher, G., Stoken, A., Borovec, J.: Ultralytics/yolov5: V4. 0-Nn. SiLU () activations weights & biases logging PyTorch hub integration. Zenodo, Techical report. https://zenodo.org/record/4418161. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4418161(2021)
Sandler, M., Howard, A., Zhu, M., et al.: MobileNetV2: inverted residuals and linear bottlenecks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4510–4520 (2018)
Fang, L., Wang, X., Wan, Y.: Adaptable active contour model with applications to infrared ship target segmentation. J. Elect. Imaging 25(4), 1–10 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JEI.25.4.041010
Zhao, K., Kong, X.: Background noise suppression in small targets infrared images and its method discussion. Opt. Optoelectron. Technol. 2, 9–12 (2004)
Anju, T.S., Raj, N.R.N.: Shearlet transform based image denoisingusing histogram thresholding. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Communication System Network (ComNet), July 2016, pp. 162–166 (2016)
Jiao, P.: Research on image classification and retrieval method based on deep learning and sparse representation. M.S. thesis, Xi’an University Technology, Xi’an, China (2019)
Choi, Y., et al.: KAIST multi-spectral day/night data set for autonomous and assisted driving. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 19(3), 934–948 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2018.2791533
FREE FLIR: Thermal Dataset for Algorithm Training. https://www.flir.in/oem/adas/adas-dataset-form
Ariffin, S.M., Jamil, N., Rahman, P.N.: DIAST variability illuminated thermal and visible ear images datasets. In: Proceedings of Signal Processing, Algorithms, Architecture, Arrangements, Application (SPA), September 2016, pp. 191–195 (2016)
Li, M., Zhang, T., Cui, W.: Research of infrared small pedestrian target detection based on YOLOv3. Infr. Technoiogy 42(2), 176–181 (2020)
Li, Y., Li, S., Du, H., Chen, L., Zhang, D., Li, Y.: YOLO-ACN: focusing on small target and occluded object detection. IEEE Access 8, 227288–227303 (2020)
Cao, Y., Zhou, T., Zhu, X.,Su, Y.: Every feature counts: an improved one-stage detector in thermal imagery. In: Proceedings of IEEE 5th International Conference Computer Communication, (ICCC), December 2019, pp. 1965–1969 (2019)
Song, X., Gao, S., Chen, C.: A multispectral feature fusion net-work for robust pedestrian detection. Alexandria Eng. J. 60(1), 73–85 (2021). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016820302507
Hou, Q., Zhou, D., Feng, J.: Coordinate attention for efficient mobile network design. In: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 13708–13717 (2021).https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR46437.2021.01350
Jacob, B., Kligys,S., Chen, B., et al.: Quantization and Training of Neural Networks for Efficient Integer-Arithmetic-Only Inference (2017)
Devaguptapu, C., Akolekar, N., Sharma, M.M., Balasubramanian, V.N.: Borrow from anywhere: pseudo multi-modal object detection in thermal imagery. In: Proceedings of IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), pp. 1–10 (2019)
Cao, Y., Zhou, T., Zhu, X., Su, Y.: Every featurecounts: an improved one-stage detector in thermal imagery. In: Proceedings IEEE 5th International Conference on Computer Communication (ICCC), pp. 1965–1969 (2019)
Zhang, S., Wen, L., Bian, X., Lei, Z., Li, S.Z.: Single-shot refinement neural network for object detection. In: Proceedings of IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision Pattern Recognition, pp. 4203–421 (2018)
Li, S., Li, Y., Li, Y., Li, M., Xu, X.: YOLO-FIRI: Improved YOLOv5 for infrared image object detection. IEEE Access. 9, 141861–141875 (2021)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wang, J., Song, Q., Hou, M., Jin, G. (2023). Infrared Image Object Detection of Vehicle and Person Based on Improved YOLOv5. In: Yang, S., Islam, S. (eds) Web and Big Data. APWeb-WAIM 2022 International Workshops. APWeb-WAIM 2022. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1784. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1354-1_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1354-1_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-1353-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-1354-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)