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Comparative Carbon Footprint and Environmental Impacts of LiFePO4 - LiCoxNiyMn(1-x-y)O2 Hybrid Batteries Manufacturing

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Intelligent Robotics and Applications (ICIRA 2023)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 14274))

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Abstract

Although the electrification of the transportation sector is crucial to mitigating climate change and the energy crisis, understanding the carbon footprint and environmental impact of the manufacturing process for the power batteries used in electric vehicles is limited. The carbon footprint and environmental impacts of the manufacturing process of LiCoxNiyMn(1-x-y)O2 (NCM), LiFePO4 (LFP), and LiFePO4 - LiCoxNiyMn(1-x-y)O2 (LFP-NCM) batteries are quantified and compared based on life cycle assessment method. The results show that NCM batteries have the highest carbon footprint (96.2 kg CO2-eq/kWh) among the batteries studied. The carbon footprint of the cathode material and assembly process accounts for more than 60.0% of the NCM manufacturing process. LFP-NCM batteries can reduce the carbon footprint by 3.4% compared to NCM while improving economic efficiency and safety. The mineral resource scarcity of NCM is 12.6% and 75.5% higher than that of LFP-NCM and LFP batteries, respectively. The LFP batteries significantly impact freshwater eutrophication and human carcinogenic toxicity. The environmental impacts of the manufacturing processes of NCM and LFP batteries can be better balanced by LFP-NCM batteries. This study provides a reference for optimizing battery manufacturing processes and promoting low-carbon and sustainable development in the transportation industry.

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Acknowledgment

This research is supported National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant numbers 51977131, 52277222, and 52277223.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China

    Quanwei Chen, Xin Lai, Junjie Chen, Shuai Yao, Guan Wang & Yuejiu Zheng

  2. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Yi Guo & Xuebing Han

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  1. Quanwei Chen
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  2. Xin Lai
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xin Lai .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Huayong Yang

  2. Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China

    Honghai Liu

  3. Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Jun Zou

  4. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

    Zhouping Yin

  5. Shenyang Institute of Automation, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

    Lianqing Liu

  6. Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Geng Yang

  7. Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Xiaoping Ouyang

  8. Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China

    Zhiyong Wang

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Chen, Q. et al. (2023). Comparative Carbon Footprint and Environmental Impacts of LiFePO4 - LiCoxNiyMn(1-x-y)O2 Hybrid Batteries Manufacturing. In: Yang, H., et al. Intelligent Robotics and Applications. ICIRA 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 14274. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6501-4_38

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6501-4_38

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-99-6500-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-99-6501-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

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