Abstract
Lightweight primitives have already received a lot of attention with the growth of resource-constrained devices, and many lightweight block ciphers such as Midori, MANTIS and QARMA have been proposed in recent years. In this paper, we present a SAT-aided search of the optimal (related-tweak) differential characteristics for such block ciphers combined with the Matsui’s bounding conditions and the technique of dichotomy. Using this method, we find the optimal differential characteristics for Midori-128 up to 10 rounds, and the optimal related-tweak differential characteristics for QARMA-64 and MANTIS up to 11 rounds and 10 rounds respectively. To obtain better attacks, we add some constraints into the search model to restrict the number of active S-boxes for input and output differences. As a result, we give a differential attack on 12-round Midori-128 based on the found 10-round differential characteristic with probability \(2^{-115}\). Moreover, we present a related-tweak differential attack on 11-round QARMA-64 based on the optimal 9-round differential characteristic with probability \(2^{-52}\), which improves the previous attacks as far as we know.
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Cui, Y., Xu, H., Tan, L., Qi, W. (2023). SAT-Aided Differential Cryptanalysis of Lightweight Block Ciphers Midori, MANTIS and QARMA. In: Wang, D., Yung, M., Liu, Z., Chen, X. (eds) Information and Communications Security. ICICS 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14252. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7356-9_1
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