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Registered (Inner-Product) Functional Encryption

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Advances in Cryptology – ASIACRYPT 2023 (ASIACRYPT 2023)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 14442))

Abstract

Registered encryption (Garg et al., TCC’18) is an emerging paradigm that tackles the key-escrow problem associated with identity-based encryption by replacing the private-key generator with a much weaker entity known as the key curator. The key curator holds no secret information, and is responsible to: (i) update the master public key whenever a new user registers its own public key to the system; (ii) provide helper decryption keys to the users already registered in the system, in order to still enable them to decrypt after new users join the system. For practical purposes, tasks (i) and (ii) need to be efficient, in the sense that the size of the public parameters, of the master public key, and of the helper decryption keys, as well as the running times for key generation and user registration, and the number of updates, must be small.

In this paper, we generalize the notion of registered encryption to the setting of functional encryption (FE).

As our main contribution, we show an efficient construction of registered FE for the special case of (attribute hiding) inner-product predicates, built over asymmetric bilinear groups of prime order. Our scheme supports a large attribute universe and is proven secure in the bilinear generic group model. We also implement our scheme and experimentally demonstrate the efficiency requirements of the registered settings. Our second contribution is a feasibility result where we build registered FE for based on indistinguishability obfuscation and somewhere statistically binding hash functions.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    IBE can be seen as a special case of FE for equality predicates \(f_y\) such that \(f_y(x,m) = m\) if and only if \(y = x\) (and \(\bot \) otherwise). Here, x and y have the role of the parties’ identities (which do not need to be secret), and m is the encrypted message.

  2. 2.

    The original paper define the primitive as registration based encryption. However, we choose to call it as registered IBE, in line with the more recent work in [41].

  3. 3.

    Two-sided security in PE allows an adversary to obtain secret keys for predicates that can decrypt a challenge ciphertext, provided the challenge message pair consists of the same message.

  4. 4.

    Generic compilers from any ABE for LSSS (or equivalently, monotone span programs) to (hierarchical) IPE are known (e.g., [11]). However, such compilers do not ensure attribute-privacy which we crucially require from our (registered) IPE scheme.

  5. 5.

    Although the common reference string is generated by a trusted setup, the important difference is that there is no long-term secret that needs to be stored throughout the lifetime of the system. Furthermore, in some cases, the setup algorithm could be “transparent”, and therefore computable using just a hash function.

  6. 6.

    In such a setting (rogue) users can try to register arbitrary functions of their choice which would allow them to learn arbitrary information about encrypted messages. To prevent this, one can restrict the function class at setup meaningfully (e.g., excluding trivial functions like identity). Any user wanting to register its public key would then need to prove the validity of its chosen function w.r.t. this class of functions.

  7. 7.

    By Definition 1, is supposed to send well-formed keys that passes the \(\textsf{IsValid}(\textsf{crs},\cdot ,\cdot )\) test. Hence, from now on we do not mention it any more, but assume the challenger checks it implicitly.

  8. 8.

    https://anonymous.4open.science/r/slotted-ripe-DD12/.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The first author was supported by the Carlsberg Foundation under the Semper Ardens Research Project CF18-112 (BCM). The second and the sixth author were partially supported by project SERICS (PE00000014) under the MUR National Recovery and Resilience Plan funded by the European Union - NextGenerationEU and by Sapienza University under the project SPECTRA. The third author was partially supported by the European Union (ERC AdG REWORC - 101054911), and by True Data 8 (Distributed Ledger & Multiparty Computation) under the Hessen State Ministry for Higher Education, Research and the Arts within their joint support of the National Research Center for Applied Cybersecurity ATHENE. The fourth author was partially funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in the course of the 6GEM research hub under grant number 16KISK038 and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2092 CASA - 390781972.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Danilo Francati

  2. Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Daniele Friolo & Daniele Venturi

  3. Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany

    Monosij Maitra

  4. Bocconi University, Milan, Italy

    Giulio Malavolta

  5. Max-Planck Institute for Security and Privacy, Bochum, Germany

    Monosij Maitra, Giulio Malavolta & Ahmadreza Rahimi

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  1. Danilo Francati
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Correspondence to Giulio Malavolta .

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  1. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

    Jian Guo

  2. Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Ron Steinfeld

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Francati, D., Friolo, D., Maitra, M., Malavolta, G., Rahimi, A., Venturi, D. (2023). Registered (Inner-Product) Functional Encryption. In: Guo, J., Steinfeld, R. (eds) Advances in Cryptology – ASIACRYPT 2023. ASIACRYPT 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14442. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8733-7_4

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