Abstract
A computer model of simulated bipolar cells (BC) in the human retina is used to study wavelength discrimination (Λδ). Λδ curves are obtained for the two C-types of BCs in the central fovea and the three C-type BCs of the parafovea under various conditions. For the parafovea algebraic addition of the three C-type BCs with proper weighting of the blue-center BC, such that the unique orange locus = 600 nm, gives a combined channel whose Λδ curve agrees remarkably well with those found in the literature based on human and primate psychophysics. Other studies include effects of chromatic adaptation and dispersion on Λδ. From this and earlier studies it can be concluded that the center/surround organization of the BCs optimize resolution in the presence of natural occurring dispersion; in addition a specific BC receptive field organization could be picked as being optimal.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bedford RE, Wyszecki GW (1985) Wavelength discrimination of point source. J Opt Soc Am 48:129–135
Diener D (1985) A factor analytic study of hue discrimination. Percept Psychophys 38:443–449
De Valois RL, Morgan HC, Polson MC, Mead WR, Hull EM (1974) Psychophysical studies of monkey vision. I. Macaque luminosity and color vision tests. Vision Res 14:53–67
Guth SL, Massof RW, Benzschawel T (1980) Vector model for normal and dichromatic color vision. J Opt Soc Am 70:197–212
Ingling CR Jr, Tsou, BH-P (1977) Orthogonal combination of the three visual channels. Vision Res 17:1075–1082
Kolb H, Ahnelt P, Fisher SK, Linberg KA, Keri C (1989) Chromaticity connectivity of the three horizontal cell types in the human retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30: [Suppl 3] 348
McCree KJ (1960) Small-field tritanopia and the effects of voluntary fixation. Opt Acta 7:317–323
Motokawa K, Isobe K (1955) Spectral response curves and hue discrimination in normal and color-defective subjects. J Opt Soc Am 45:79–88
Siegel MH, Dimmick FL (1962) Discrimination of color. II. Sensitivity as a function of spectral wavelength, 510 to 630 mu. J Opt Soc Am 52:1071–1074.
Siegel MH (1964) Discriminatin of color. IV. Sensitivity as a function of spectral wavelength, 410 through 500 mu. J Opt Soc Am 54:821–823
Siminoff R (1991) Simulated bipolar cells in central fovea of human retina. part I. Computer simulation. Biol Cybern 64:497–504
Siminoff R (1991) Simulated bipolar cells in central fovea of human retina. Part II. Spectral responses of bipolar cells. Biol Cybern 64:505–510
Siminoff R (1991) Simulated bipolar cells in central fovea of human retina. Part III. Effects of chromatic adaptation on spectral responses of bipolar cells. Biol Cybern 65:357–364
Siminoff R (1991) Simulated bipolar cells in central fovea of human retina. Part IV. Resolution (submitted for publication)
Siminoff R (1991) Simulated bipolar cells in central fovea of human retina. Part V. Use of fourier analysis to determine resolution (submitted for publication)
Thomson LC, Trezona PW (1951) The variations of hue discrimination with change of luminance level. J Physiol 114:98–106
Uchikawa K, Ikeda M (1987) Color discrimination and appearance of short-duration equal-luminance monochromatic lights. J Opt Soc Am A 4:1097–1103
Wässle H, Boycott BB (1989) Horizontal cells in the primate retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30 [Suppl 3]:348
Weale RA (1951) Hue-discrimination in para-central parts of the human retina measured at different luminance levels (1951) J Physiol 113:115–122
Wright WD, Pitt FHG (1931) The saturation-discrimination of two trichromats. Proc Phys Soc (Lond) 49:329
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The major part of this work was done while the author was a Senior Research Associate of the National Research Council, USA
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Siminoff, R. Simulated bipolar cells in fovea of human retina. Biol. Cybern. 65, 365–374 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00216970
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00216970