Summary
It is shown that for every finite-state automaton there exists an equivalent nondeterministic automaton with a planar state graph. However there exist finite-state automata with no equivalent deterministic automaton with a planar state graph.
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References
Salomaa, A.: Theory of automata. New York: Pergamon-Press 1969
Harary, F.: Graph theory. Reading (Mass.): Addison-Wesley 1971
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The work of this author was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grants GJ-30409 and DCR-75-15945.
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Book, R.V., Chandra, A.K. Inherently nonplanar automata. Acta Informatica 6, 89–94 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00263745
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00263745