Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Systems for reusing hypermedia courseware

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Three systems of differing complexity have been built which support the development of courseware libraries for reuse at three differing organizations. One system was developed for a handful of authors at a small company, one for a university team of about twenty-five people, and one for a company with about one hundred authors. The small company has not found the cost-benefit balances attractive enough to continue investment. The university team has published several products with its collaborative hypermedia system. The system for the large company includes extremely sophisticated library structures and coordination mechanisms but is a challenge for the new user to fully understand. As is often the case with reuse, the institutional commitment to courseware reuse and the ease of use of the tools are critical factors in success. Based on the experiences with the first three courseware reuse systems and the increased popularity of the World Wide Web, a new courseware reuse methodology has been implemented on the World Wide Web.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S., Acquah, “Reuse of Courseware,” M. Phil. Dissertation, Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  2. W., Agresti, “Framework for a Flexible Development Process,” in New Paradigms for Software Development, William, Agresti (Ed.), pp. 11–14, IEEE, New York, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  3. A., Avner, “Production of computer-based instructional materials,” in Issues in Instructional Systems Development, H.F., O'Neil, Jr. (Ed.), pp. 133–180, Academic Press, New York, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  4. H., Bahrami, “The Emerging Flexible Organization: Perspectives from Silicon Valley,” IEEE Engineering Management Review, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 94–103, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  5. T., Berners-Lee, R., Cailliau, A., Luotonen, H.F., Nielsen, and A., Secret, “The World-Wide Web,” Communications of the ACM, Vol. 37, No. 8, pp. 76–82, August 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  6. T.J. Biggerstaff, “Design Recovery for Maintenance and Reuse,” Computer, pp. 36–49, July 1989.

  7. Boeing Company, IBM Federal Systems Company, and Unisys Corporation, STARS Conceptual Framework for Reuse Process (CFRP), Volume 1: Definition, Version 3.0, United States Air Force, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts, October 25, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  8. N.S., Borenstein, Multimedia Applications Development with the Andrew Toolkit, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  9. J. Bourdeau, Automating Instructional Planning in NATO ASI—Automating Instructional Design, Development and Delivery, Springer-Verlag, 1993.

  10. J.K., Buford, “Architectures and Issues for Distributed Multimedia Systems,” in Multimedia Systems, J.K., Buford (Ed.), pp. 45–63, ACM Press, New York, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  11. B.A., Burton, R.W., Aragon, S.A., Bailey, K.D., Koehler and L.A., Mayes, “The reusable software library,” IEEE Software, Vol. 4, pp. 25–33, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  12. G., Caldiera and V.R., Basili, “Identifying and Qualifying Reusable Software Components,” IEEE Software, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 25–33, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  13. C., Chen and R., Rada, “A Conceptual Model for Supporting Collaborative Authoring and Reuse,” Knowledge Organization, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 88–93, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  14. C., Chen, R., Rada and A., Zeb, “An Extended Fisheye View Browser for Collaborative Writing,” International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Vol. 40, pp. 859–878, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  15. J., Cheng, “A Reusability-Based Software Development Environment,” Software Engineering Notes, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 57–62, April 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  16. D.E., Egan, J.R., Remde, L.M., Gomez, T.K., Landauer, J., Eberhardt, and C.C., Lochbaum, “Formative designevaluation of ‘SuperBook’,” ACM Transactions of Information Systems, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 30–57, January 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  17. W.B., Frakes and P.B., Gandel, “Representing Reusable Software,” Information Software Technology, Vol. 32, No. 10, pp. 653–664, December 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  18. R., Goldman-Segall, “Interpreting Video Data: Introducing a ‘Significance Measure’ to Layer Descriptions,” Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 261–281, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  19. S.E., Goodman, L.I., Press, S.R., Ruth, and A.M., Ruthowski “The Global Diffusion of the Internet: Patterns and Problems,” Communications of the ACM, Vol. 37, No. 8, pp. 27–31, August 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  20. M.L., Griss, “Software Reuse: from library to factory,” IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 548–566, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  21. GTE Government Systems, NATO Standard for Development of Reusable Software Components, NATO Communications and Information Systems Agency, Brussels, Belgium, March 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  22. GTE Government Systems, NATO Standard for Management of a Reusable Software Component Library, NATO Communications and Information Systems Agency, Brussels, Belgium, March 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  23. GTE Government Systems, NATO Standard for Software Reuse Procedures, NATO Communications and Information Systems Agency, Brussels, Belgium, March 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  24. H., Hahn and R., Stout, The Internet Complete Reference, McGraw-Hill, Berkeley, California, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  25. F., Halasz and M., Schwartz, “The Dexter Hypertext Reference Model,” Communications of the ACM, pp. 30–39, ACM Press, New York, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  26. L., Hardman, D.C.A., Bulterman, and G.van, Rossum, “The Amsterdam Hypermedia Model: Adding Time and Context to the Dexter Model,” Communications of the ACM, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 50–62, February 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  27. T.C., Jones, “Reusability in Programming: A Survey of the State of the Art,” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 488–494, September 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  28. R., Joos, “Software Reuse at Motorola,” IEEE Software, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 42–47, September 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  29. B. Leiner, “Internet Technology,” Communications of the ACM, Vol. 37, No. 8, p. 32, August 1994.

  30. K., Liberman and J.L., Rich, “Lotus Notes Databases: the Foundation of a Virtual Library,” Databases, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 33–47, June 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  31. I.M. Marshall, W.B. Samson, and P.I. Dugard, “Multimedia courseware cost modelling,” European Cost Modelling Conference'94, pp. 27.1–27.18, 1994.

  32. J.S., Mendes, “Educational Access and Support Tools Distribution Service,” Report for DELTA Project D2016, MARI Computer Systems, Tyne and Wear, England, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  33. B., Meyer, “Reusability: The case for object-oriented design,” IEEE Software, Vol. 4, pp. 50–63, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  34. H., Mili and R., Rada, “Merging Thesauri: Principles and Evaluation,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 204–220, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  35. H., Mili and H., Li, “Data Abstraction in SoftClass, an OO CASE Tool for Software Reuse,” in Proceedings of TOOLS '93, pp. 133–149, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  36. H., Mili, R., Rada, W., Wang, K., Strickland, C., Boldyreff, L., Olsen, J., Witt, J., Heger, W., Scherr, and P., Elzer, “Practitioner and SoftClass: A Comparative Study of Two Software Reuse Research Projects,” Journal of Systems and Software, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 147–171, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Z., Min and R., Rada, “MUCH Electronic Publishing Environment — Principles and Practices,” Journal American Society Information Science, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 300–309, June 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  38. J. O'Connor, C. Mansour, J. Turner-Harris, and G.H. Campbell, Jr., “Reuse in Command-and-Control Systems,” IEEE Software, pp. 70–79, September 1994.

  39. A. Pentland, R. Picard, G. Davenport, and R. Welsh, “The BT/MIT Project on Advanced Image Tools for Telecommunications: an Overview,” Proceedings 2nd International Conference on Image Communications, 1993.

  40. D., Persico, I., Sarti, and Viarengo, “Browsing a Database of Multimedia Learning Material,” Interactive Learning International, Vol. 8, pp. 213–235, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  41. R. Prieto-Diaz and P. Freeman, “Classifying Software for Reusability,” IEEE Software, pp. 6–16, January 1987.

  42. R., Rada, J., Backus, T., Giampa, S., Goel, and C., Gibbs, “Computerized Guides to Journal Selection,” Information Technology and Libraries, Vol. 6, No.3, pp. 173–184, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  43. R. Rada, “Guidelines for Multiple Users Creating Hypertext: SQL and HyperCard Experiments,” in Computers and Writing: Models and Tools, Patrik Holt and Noel Williams (Eds.), pp. 61–89, Black-well/Ablex Publishing, 1989.

  44. R., Rada, “Hypertext writing and document reuse: the role of a semantic net,” Electronic Publishing, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 3–13, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  45. R., Rada, A., Zeb, G.-N., You, A., Michailidis, and M., Mhashi, “Collaborative Hypertext and the MUCH System,” Journal Information Science: Principles & Practice, Vol. 17, pp. 191–196, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  46. R., Rada, Hypertext: from Text to Expertext, McGraw-Hill, London, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  47. R., Rada, “Converting a Textbook to Hypertext,” ACM Transactions on Information Systems, Vol. 3, pp. 294–315, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  48. R. Rada, W. Wang, H. Mili, J. Heger, and W. Scherr, “Software Reuse: from Text to Hypertext,” Software Engineering Journal, pp. 311–321, September 1992.

  49. R. Rada, A. Deakin, and M. Beer, “Collaborative Development of Courseware: Part One-Examples,” Journal of Intelligent Tutoring Media, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1993.

  50. R., Rada and G.S., Carson, “Standards: the New Media,” Communications of the ACM, Vol. 37, No. 9, pp. 23–25, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  51. R., Rada, Software Reuse, Intellect, Oxford, England, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  52. R., Rada and P., Ramsey, “Introduction,” in Medical Informatics CD-ROM, R., Rada and R., Phillip (Eds.), ACM SIGBIO, New York, November 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  53. R., Rada, Interactive Media, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  54. R. E. Schooley, “Computer-Based Training (CBT) Cost Estimating Algorithm for Courseware (CEAC),” Interservice Industry Training Systems Conference, pp. 319–328, 1988.

  55. P.M., Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Doubleday/Currency, New York, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  56. B., Shneiderman, and G., Kearsley, Hypertext Hands-On!, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  57. H.T., Smith, P.A., Hannessy, and G.A., Lunt, “The activity model environment: An object-oriented framework for describing organizational communication,” Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, pp. 160–172, Computer Sciences House, Slough, England, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  58. D., Soergel, Indexing Languages and Thesauri: Construction and Maintenance, Wiley, New York, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Software Technology for Adaptable Reliable Systems, Organization Domain Modelling, Unisys STARS Technical Report STARS-UC-05156/024/00, Advanced Research Projects Agency, STARS Technology Center, Arlington, Virginia, July 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  60. J.R., Tiro and H., Gregorius, “Management of Reuse at IBM,” IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 612–615, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Virginia Center of Excellence for Software Reuse and Technology Transfer, Reuse Adoption Guidebook. Technical Report SPC-92051-CMC, Software Productivity Consortium, Herndon, Virginia, November, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  62. M., Wasmund, “Implementing Critical Success Factors in Software Reuse,” IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 595–611, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  63. J., Williams, “Birth of a Biomedical Videodisc,” Viewfinder: The British Universities Film & Video Council Magazine, pp. 16–17, May 1994.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, 99164-2752, Pullman, WA, USA

    Roy Rada

Authors
  1. Roy Rada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rada, R. Systems for reusing hypermedia courseware. Multimed Tools Appl 2, 53–78 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00717823

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00717823

Keywords

Search

Navigation