Skip to main content
Log in

AI meets authoring: User models for untelligent multimedia

  • Published:
Artificial Intelligence Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Authoring is a complex, knowledge-intensive activity which until recently has been performed exclusively by humans. New computer-based techniques have added horsepower rather than intelligence to traditional approaches, and have not addressed their principal limitations, chief of which is the inability to tailor presentations to individual users at run-time.

We believe a model of the user is needed to support this kind of run-time determination of formand content. We describe our approach to the acquisition, representation and exploitation of user models: themost plausible user model is the result of an abductiverecognition process and it incorporates assumptions about the user which are then used to constrain thedesign by abduction of the best presentation. Both recognition and design processes are performed at run-time. We describe a prototypical implementation designed to demonstrate these ideas in the domain of video authoring.

Our approach to authoring is intended to apply across multiple media; we have demonstrated these ideas with video because authoring in the video medium with traditional approaches inherits and exacerbates the problems from traditional media, and because the popularity of video as an authoring medium continues to grow.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  • Arens, Y., Hovy, E. & van Mulken, S. (1993). Structure and Rules in Automated Multimedia Presentation Planning. InProceedings of The 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1253–1259, Chambéry, France.

  • Buxton, W. & Moran, T. (1990). EuroPARC's Integrated Interactive Intermedia Facility (IIIF): Early Experiences. In Gibbs, S. & Verrijn-Stuart, A. A. (eds.) Multi-user Interfaces and Applications, 11–34.

  • Cheeseman, P. (1990). On Finding the Most Probable Model. In Shranger, J. & Langley, P. (eds.)Computational Models of Scientific Discovery and Theory Formation, chapter 3, pp. 73–95. Morgan Kaufmann: San Mateo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherfaoui, M. & Bertin, C. (1993). Video Documents: Towards Automatic Summaries. InWorkshop Proceedings of IEEE Visual Processing and Communications, 295–298, Melbourne, Australia.

  • Csinger, A. (1992). The Psychology of Visualization. Technical Report 28, The University of British Columbia.

  • Csinger, A. (1994).Cross-modal Reference and the Attention Problem (in prep.).

  • Csinger, A. & Booth, K. S. (1994). Reasoning About Video: Knowledge-Based Transcription and Presentation. In Nunamaker, Jay F. &. Sprague, Ralph H (eds.)27th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Volume III: Information Systems: Decision Support and Knowledge-based Systems, pp. 599–608, Maui, HI.

  • Csinger, A. & Poole, D. (1993). Hypothetically Speaking: Default Reasoning and Discourse Structure. InProceedings of The 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1179–1184, Chambéry,France.

  • Davenport, G., Evans, R. & Halliday, M. (1993). Orchestrating Digital Micromovies.Leonardo 26(4): 283–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, P. (ed.). (1967).The Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. Macmillan and The Free Press.

  • Finger, J. J. & Genesereth, M. R. (1985).Residue: A Deductive Approach to Design Synthesis. Technical Report STAN-CS-85-1035, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, Cal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, G. (1992). Shared Knowledge in Cooperative Problem-Solving Systems: Integrating Adaptive and Adaptable Systems. InProceedings of The Third International Workshop on User Modelling. 148–161. Dagstuhl, Germany.

  • Goldman-Segall, R. (1989). Thick Descriptions: A Tool for Designing Ethnographic Interactive Videodiscs.SigChi Bulletin,21(2).

  • Goldman-Segall, R. (1991). A Multimedia Research Tool for Ethnographic Investigation. In Harel, I. & Papert, S. (eds.)Constructionism. Ablex Publishing Corporation: Norwood, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, B. A. (1993). Multimedia Explanations for Intelligent Training Systems. In Maybury, Mark T. (ed.)Intelligent Multimedia Interfaces, chapter 7, pp. 148–171. AAAI Press - MIT Press.

  • Hardman, L. van Rossum, G. & Bulterman, D. C. A. (1993). Structured Multimedia Authoring. InProceedings ACM Multimedia 93, 283–289.

  • Harrison, B. L. & Baecker, R. M. (1992). Designing Video Annotation and Analysis Systems. InGraphics Interface '92 Proceedings, 157–166. Vancouver, BC.

  • Joly, P. & Cherfaoui, M. (1993). Survey of Automatical Tools for the Content Analysis of Video. IRIT 93-36-R, Bibliotheque de I'IRIT, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 TOULOUSE CEDEX. Also available by anonymous FTP from ftp.irit.fr in PostScript, ascii and MS Word formats as private/svideo.[ps,as,wd], or by email direct from the authors (cherfaoui@ccett.fr or joly@irit.fr).

  • Karp, P. & Feiner, S. (1993). Automated Presentation Planning of Animation Using Task Decomposition with Heuristic Planning. InGraphics Interface '93, 118–127, Toronto, Canada.

  • Kass, R. & Finin, T. (1988). Modelling the User in Natural Language Systems.Computational Linguistics 14(3): 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobsa, A. (1992). User Modelling: Recent Work, Prospects and Hazards. InProceedings of The Workshop on User Adapted Interaction, Bari, Italy. Also available as a June 1992 Technical Report from Universität Konstanz Informationswissenschaft.

  • Mackay, W. E. & Davenport G. (1989). Virtual Video Editing in Interactive Multimedia Applications.Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery 32(7): 802–810.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackay, W. E. & Tatar, D. G. (1989). Special Issue on Video as a Research and Design Tool.ACM SIGCHI Bulletin 21(2).

  • Mackinlay, J. D. (1986). Automating the Design of Graphical Presentations of Relational Information.Association for Computing Machinery Transactions on Graphics 5(2): 110–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metz, C. (1974).Film Language: A Semiotics of the Cinema. Oxford University Press. Translated by Michael Taylor.

  • Newcomb, S. R., Kipp, N. A. & Newcomb, V. T. (1991). The “HyTime” Hypermedia/Time-based Document Structuring Language.Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery 34(11): 67–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poole, D. (1987). A Logical Framework for Default Reasoning.Artificial Intelligence 36(1): 27–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poole, D. (1989). Explanation and Prediction: An Architecture for Default and Abductive Reasoning.Computational Intelligence 5(2): 97–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poole, D. (1990). Hypo-Deductive Reasoning for Abduction, Default Reasoning and Design. InWorking Notes, AAAI Spring Symposium on Automated Abduction, 106–110.

  • Poole, D. (1993a). Logic Programming, Abduction and Probaility: A Top-Down Anytime Algorithm for Computing Prior and Posterior Probabilities.New Generation Computing 11(3–4): 377–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poole, D. (1993b). Probabilistic Horn Abduction and Bayesian Networks.Artificial Intelligence 64(1): 81–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foth, S. F. & Mattis, J. (1990). Data Characterization for Intelligent Graphics Presentation. InCHI'90 Proceedings, 193–200, Seattle, WA.

  • Searle, J. R. & Vanderveken, D. (1985).Foundations of Illocutionary Logic. Cambridge University Press.

  • Suchman, L. & Trigg, R. (1991). Understanding Practice: Video as a Medium for Reflection and Design. In Greenbaum & Kyng (eds.)Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems.

  • Wahlster, W., André, E., Bandyopadhyay, S., Graf, W. & Rist. T. (1991). WIP: The Coordinated Generation of Multimodal Presentations from a Common Representation. Research Report RR-91-08, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz, Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-6600 Saarbrücken 11, Germany.

  • Wahlster, W. & Kobsa, A. (1990).User Modelling in Dialog Systems. Springer-Verlag.

  • Xiang, Y., Beddoes, M. P. & Poole, D. (1990). Sequential Updating Conditional. Probability in Bayesian Networks by Posterior Probability. InProceedings of the Eighth Biennial Conference of the Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence, 21–27.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Csinger, A., Booth, K.S. & Poole, D. AI meets authoring: User models for untelligent multimedia. Artif Intell Rev 8, 447–468 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00849730

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00849730

Key words