References
Arnheim, R., (1971). Entropy And Art: An Essay on Disorder and Order. University of California.
Galloni, M. (1993). Microscopi e microscopie, dalle origini al XIX secolo. InQuaderni di storia della tecnologia, Vol. 3. Levrotto & Bella.
Hoffmann, R. and Leibowitz Schmidt, S. (1997) Old Wine New Flasks Freeman, New York.
Keaveny, T., (1996). Presentation page for the Berkeley Orthopaedic Biomechanics Research (http://biomech2.me.berkeley.edu/prosthesis.html).
Langton, C.G. (1989) Artificial Life. In Langton, C.G. (ed.) Artificial Life. Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Science of Complexity. Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA.
Losano, M. (1990). Storie di automi. Einaudi, Turin.
Mahowald, M.A. and Mead, C. (1991). The silicon retina,Le Scienze/Scientific American. 275 (retranslated from Italian edition).
Mikos, A.G., Bizios, R., Wu, K.K. and Yaszemski, M.J. (1996). Cell Transplantation. Rice Institute of Biosciences and Bioengineering (http://www.bioc.rice.edu/Institute/area6.html).
National Institutes of Health (1982). Clinical Applications of Biomaterials, Vol. 4(5). NIH Consensus Statement, 1–3 November.
Rizzotti, M. (1984). II concetto di artificiale, Memorie dell'Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Venice.
Triantafyllou, M.S. and Triantafyllou, G.S. (1995). Un robot che simula il nuoto dei pesci.Le Scienze/Scientific American. 3.
Young, J.Z. (1964). A Model of the Brain. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Negrotti, M. Towards a general theory of the artificial. AI & Soc 14, 268–299 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01205512
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01205512