Abstract
The primary goal of our research has been to implement an entirely computer-based maxillofacial surgery planning system [1]. An important step toward this goal is to make virtual tools available to the surgeon in order to carry out a three-dimensional (3D) cephalometrical analysis and to interactively define bone segments from skull and jaw bones. An easy-to-handle user interface employs visual and force-feedback devices to define subvolumes of a patient's volume dataset [2]. The defined subvolumes, together with their spatial arrangements based on the cephalometrical results, eventually lead to an operation plan. We have evaluated modern low-cost, force-feedback devices with regard to their ability to emulate the surgeon's working procedure. Once the planning of the procedure is complete, the planning results are transferred to the operating room. In our intra-operative concept the visualisation of planning data is speech controlled by the surgeon and correlated with the patient's position by an electromagnetic 3D sensor system.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Neumann P, Faulkner G, Krauss M, Haarbeck K, Tolxdorff T. MeVisTo-Jaw: a visualization-based maxillofacial surgical planning tool. In: Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging 3335, 1998; 110–118
Neumann P, Siebert D, Faulkner G, Krauss M, Schulz A, Lwowsky C, Tolxdorff T. Virtual 3D cutting for bone segment extraction in maxillofacial surgery planning. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference Medicine Meets Virtual Reality, San Francisco, 20–23 January 1999: 235–241
Bill JS, Reuther JF, Dittmann W, Kübler N, Meier JL, Pistner H, Wittenberg G. Stereolithography in oral and maxillofacial operation planning. International Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, 1995; 24(1): 98–101
Zeilhofer H.-F, Sader R, Horch H.-H, Deppe H., Preoperative visualization of aesthetic changes in orthognathic surgery. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium CAR'95; 1369–1374
Delingette H, Subsol G, Cotin S, Pignon J. A craniofacial surgery simulation testbed. In: Proceedings of the SPIE Third Int. Conf. on Visualization in Biomedical Computing 2359, 1994; 607–618
Wood C, Ling C, Lee CY. Real time 3D rendering of volumes on a 64bit architecture. SPIE — Mathematical Methods in Medical Imaging 2707, 1996; 152–158
Phong BT. Illumination for computer generated pictures. Communications of ACM 1975; 18(6): 311–317
Sloan Jr, KR, Tanimoto SL. Progressive refinement of raster images, IEEE Transactions on Computers, 1979; c-28(11): 871–875
Toennies KD, Derz C. Volume rendering for interactive 3-D segmentation. In: Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging 3031, 1997; 602–609
Rosenberg LB. A force feedback programming primer. San Jose, CA: Immersion Corporation, 1997
Kalawsky RS. The science of virtual reality and virtual environments. Wokingham: Addison-Wesley, 1993
Lueth T, Heissler E, Bier J. Evaluierung von Navigations-und Robotersystemen für den Einsatz in der Chirurgie. In: Tele- und computergestützte Chirurgie. Schlag PM. ed. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998;
Becker J, Krauss M, Faulkner G. The suitability of magnetic tracking devices in maxillofacial surgery. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium CAR'96, 1996; 1043
Birkfellner W, Watzinger F, Wanschitz F, Enislidis G, Kollmann C, Rafolt D, Nowotny R, Ewers R., Bergmann H. Systematic distortions in magnetic position digitizers. Medical Physics 1998; 25(11): 2242–2248
Cleynenbreugel JV, Verstreken, Marchal G, Suetens P. A flexible environment for image guided virtual surgery planning. In: Visualization in biomedical computing. Höhne KH, Kikinis R, eds. 1996; 501–510
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Neumann, P., Siebert, D., Schulz, A. et al. Using virtual reality techniques in maxillofacial surgery planning. Virtual Reality 4, 213–222 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01418157
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01418157