Abstract
Multi-slice images obtained from computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging represent a 3D image volume. For its visualization we use a raycasting algorithm working on a gray-scale voxel data model. This model is extended by additional attributes such as membership to an organ or a second imaging modality (“generalized voxel model”). It is shown that the combination of different surface-rendering algorithms together with cutting and transparent display allow a realistic visualization of the human anatomy.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Barillot C, Gibaud B, Luo LM, Scarabin IM (1985) 3-D Representation of anatomic structures from et examinations. Biostereometrics '85. Proc. SPIE 602:307–314
Boecker FRP, Tiede U, Höhne KH (1985) Combined use of different algorithms for interactive surgical planning. In: Lemke U et al. (eds) Computer assisted radiology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 572–577
Bomans M, Riemer M, Tiede U, Höhne KH (1987) 3-D Segmentation von Kernspintomogrammen. Ninth DAGM Meeting, Braunschweig. Informatik Fachberichte 149:231–235
Bomans M, Höhne KH, Riemer M, Tiede U (1989) 3D-Segmentation of MR images of the head for 3D-display. IEEE Trans Med Imaging (in press)
Chen LS, Herman GT, Reynolds RA, Udupa JK (1985) Surface shading in the cuberille environment. Comput. Graph Appl. 5:33–43
Goldwasser SM, Reynolds RA, Bapty T, Baraff D, Summers J, Talton DA, Walsh E (1985) Physicians workstation with real time performance. Comput Graph Appl 5:44–57
Hemmy DC, David DJ, Herman GT (1983) Three-dimensional reconstruction of craniofacial deformity using computed tomography. Neurosurgery 13:534–541
Herman GT, Vose WF, Gomori JM, Gefter WB (1985) Stereoscopic computed three-dimensional surface display. Radiographics 5:825–852
Höhne KH, Bomans M, Tiede U, Riemer M (1988) Display of multiple 3-D-objects using the generalized voxel-model. Proc SPIE 914:850–854
Höhne KH, DeLaPaz RL, Bernstein R, Taylor RC (1987) Combined surface display and reformatting for the 3D analysis of tomographic data. Invest Radiol 22:658–664
Höhne KH, Bernstein R (1986) Shading 3D images from CT using gray level gradients. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 5:45–47
Jackel D (1985) The graphics PARCUM system: a 3D memory based computer architecture for processing and display of solid objects. Computer Graphics Forum 4:21–32
Kaufman A (1936) Voxel based architectures for three-dimensional graphics. Proc IFIP 86:361–366
Lenz R, Danielsson PE, Cronström S, Gudmundson B (1986) Interactive display of 3D medical objects. In: Höhne KH (ed) Pictorial information systems in medicine. Springer. Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 449–468
Levoy M (1988) Display of surface from volume data. IEEE Comput Graph and Appl 8:29–37
Lorensen WE, Cline HE (1987) Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm. Computer Graphics 21:163–169
Marr D, Hildreth EC (1980) Theory of edge detection. Proc R Soc Lond [B] 207:187–217
Pommert A, Bomans M, Tiede U, Höhne KH (1989a) Image Quality in voxel-based Surface shading. In: Lemke HU et al (eds) Computer assisted radiology (Proc CAR '89). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York 737–741
Pommert A, Bomans M, Tiede H, Höhne KH (1989b) Simulation studies for quality assurance of 3 D-images from computed tomograms. In: Todd-Pokropek A, Viergever MA (eds) The formation, handling and evaluation of medical images. (NATO ASI Series F Computer and Systems Sciences) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (in press)
Schiers C, Tiede U, Höhne KH (1989) Interactive 3 D registration of image volumes from different sources. In: Lemke HU et al. (eds), Computer assisted radiology. (Proc. CAR '89) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 666–670
Templeton AW, Johnson JA, Anderson WH (1985) Computer graphics for digitally formatjed images. Radiology 152:527–528.
Tiede U, Höhne KH, Riemer M (1987) Comparison of surface rendering techniques for 3D tomogaphic obiects. In: Lemke U et al. (ed) Computer assisted radiology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 599–610
Tiede U, Riemer M, Bemans M, Höhne KH (1958) Display techniques for 3D-tomographie volume data. In Proc. NCGA '88, vol III. Anaheim, pp. 188–197
Vannier MW, Marsh JL, Warren J (1984) Three-dimensional CT reconstruction images for craniofacial surgical planning. Radiology 150:179–184
Witte G, Höltje W, Tiede U, Riemer M (1986) Die dreidimensionale Derstellung computertomographischer Untersuchungen kraniofacialer Anomalien. Fortschr Röntgenstr 144:24–29
Yasuda T, Toriwaki J, Yokoi S, Katada K (1984) Three-dimensional dispiay system of CT images for surgical planning. International Symposium on Medical Images and Icons, Silver Spring Md. IEEE Compauter Society, pp 322–327
Zucker SW, Hummel RA (1979) An optimal three-dimensional edge operator. McGill Univ Rep 79-10
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The investigations were supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Werner Otto Foundation, Hamburg.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Höhne, K.H., Bomans, M., Pommert, A. et al. 3D visualization of tomographic volume data using the generalized voxel model. The Visual Computer 6, 28–36 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01902627
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01902627