Abstract
A new way of controlling human face animation and synchronizing speech is proposed. It is based on the concept of abstract muscle action procedure (AMA procedure). An AMA procedure is a specialized procedure which simulates the specific action of a face muscle. This paper describes the new technique and presents a methodology for animating the face of synthetic actors based on three levels: the AMA-procedure level, the expression level and the script level. The role of multiple tracks is also emphasized. Practical examples are also explained in detail, based on the filmRendez-vous à Montréal with the synthetic actors Marilyn Monroe and Humphrey Bogart.
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For photographs and biographies of the authors, see The Visual Computer (1987) 3:151
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Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Primeau, E. & Thalmann, D. Abstract muscle action procedures for human face animation. The Visual Computer 3, 290–297 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01914864
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01914864