Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

World science as an input-output system

  • Published:
Scientometrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

World science can be characterized as the product of one scientist or nation — knowledge or published papers — used or consumed by other scientists or nations. In this sense, science can be viewed as an input-output system, analogous to the models used in economics. An input-output model of the citation patters of the 18 leading countries in international science was constructed. These countries produce most of the world's science. The large role of the United States in both producing and consuming scientific information is evident in the results. The models also show the role of other countries with respect to each other. For example, the multinational nature of science in countries like the Netherlands and Switzerland is evident. The model can be used to show which countries interact with others, and which do not. Both types of information are useful in discussing trans-national interactions in science.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E.J. KNAPTON,France: An Interpretive History, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1971, p. 253.

    Google Scholar 

  2. S. B. AHMED, Input-Output Analysis in Environmental Monitoring,IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC3, 6 (1973) 537–8.

    Google Scholar 

  3. K. CHEN, Input-Output Economic Analysis of Environmental Impact,ibid,, SMC 3, 6 (1973) 539–547.

    Google Scholar 

  4. I. GUTMANIS, Environmental Implications of Economic Growth in the U.S. 1970 to 2000-Input-Output Analysis,ibid,, 6 (1973) 583.

    Google Scholar 

  5. L. D. MAXIM, C. L. BRAZIE, Multistage Input-Output Model for Evaluation of Environmental Impact of Energy Systems,ibid, 6 (1973) 583–587.

    Google Scholar 

  6. W. H. MIERNYK, Regional Input-Output Pollution Abatement Modell,ibid, 6 (1972) 575–577.

    Google Scholar 

  7. T. PAGE, Pollution Affecting Producers in an Input-Output Context,Ibid, 6 (1973) 555–561.

    Google Scholar 

  8. D. SHETER, Forecasting Industrial Pollution in Haifa Bay Area With an Innput-Output Model,Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 7 (1973) No. 5, 397–406.

    Google Scholar 

  9. A. S. COHEN, A. P. HURTER, Input-Output Analysis of Costs of Air Pollution Control,Management Science, 21B (1974) No. 4, 453–461.

    Google Scholar 

  10. F. GIARRATANI, Air Pollution Abatement-Output and Relative Price Effects — A Regional Input-Output Simulation,Environment and Planning, 6 (1974) No. 3, 307–312.

    Google Scholar 

  11. M. CHATTERJEE, Dynamic Balanced Regional Input-Output Model of Pollution Control,ibid,, 7 (1975) 21–34.

    Google Scholar 

  12. W. A. FLICK, Environmental Repercussions and Economic Structure — Input-Output Approach — Comment,Review of Economics and Statistics, 56 (1974) No. 1, 107–109.

    Google Scholar 

  13. W. LEONTIEF, Environmental Repercussions and Economic Structure — Input-Output Approach — Reply,ibid,, 56 (1974) No. 1, 109–110.

    Google Scholar 

  14. F. GIARRATANI, Air Pollution Abatement and Man-power Requirements — A Regional Input-Output Analysis,Annals of Regional Science, 9 (1975) No. 2, 83–90.

    Google Scholar 

  15. W. H. MIERNYK, J. T. SEARS,Air Pollution Abatement and Regional Economic Development — Input-Output Analysis, Heath, Lexington, Mass., 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  16. M. B. HOCKING, Chemical Input-Output Analysis of Municipal Solid-Waste Incineration,Journal of Environmental Systems, 5 (1975) No. 3, 163–183.

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. J. DOUGLAS, Use of a Modified Input-Output Multiplier for Land Use Evaluation,Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 17 (1973) No. 1, 68–75.

    Google Scholar 

  18. M. L. PARKER, Input-Output View of Agriculture in Papua-New Guinea,ibid, 18 (1974) No. 1. 32–39.

    Google Scholar 

  19. D. MULKEY, J. C. HITE, Input Analysis of Energy Use by South Carolina Agriculture,American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 56 (1974) No. 5, 1203.

    Google Scholar 

  20. G. SCHLUTER, Combining Input-Output and Regression Analysis in Projection Models —Application to Agriculture,ibid, 56 (1974) No. 5, 1207.

    Google Scholar 

  21. C. ESTRUP, Energy Consumption Analysis by Application of National Input-Output Tables,Industial Marketing Management, 3 (1974) No. 4, 193–200.

    Google Scholar 

  22. J. B. PENN, B. McCARL, O. DOERING, L. BRINK, Structural Input-Output Modelling of Food and Fiber System Under Conditions of Fuel Scarcity,American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 56 (1974) No. 5, 1203.

    Google Scholar 

  23. M. A. SWIFT, Fuel Substitution in Input-Output Models — Non-linear Programming Approach,Operations Research, 23 (S2) B427 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  24. M. O. FILANI, Air Traffic Forecasting — Input-Output Technique Approach,Regional Studies, 7 (1973) No. 3, 333–338.

    Google Scholar 

  25. S. L. GRAY, J. R. McKEEAN, D. D. ROHDY, Estimating Impact of Higher Education from Input-Output Models — Case Study,Rocky Mountain Social Science Journal, 12 (1975) No. 1. 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  26. B. C. LIU, Regional Hospital Needs Projection — Input-Output Approach,Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 10 (1976) No. 1, 37–42.

    Google Scholar 

  27. A. A. KONIUS, Commensuration of Labor by Means of an Input-Output Table,Matekon, 9 (1973) No. 4, 31–42.

    Google Scholar 

  28. P. C. NYSTROM, Input-Output Processes of Federal Trade Commission,Administrative Science Quarterly, 20 (1975) No. 1, 104–113.

    Google Scholar 

  29. C. P. BOURNE, The World's Technical Journal Literature: An Estimate of Volume, Origin, Language, Field, Indexing and Abstracting,American Documentation, (1962) 159–168.

  30. F. NARIN,Evaluative Bibliometrics, Computer Horizons Inc., Cherry Hill, N. J., 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Published by the Institute for Scientific Information, Philadelphia, Pa.

  32. H. CASON, M. LUBOTSKY, The Influence and Dependence of Psychological Journals on Each Other,Psychological Bulletin, 33 (1936) 95–103.

    Google Scholar 

  33. A. K. GUPTA, Characteristics of Documents cited by Indian Physicists: A Case Study,DRTC Seminar (India), No. 7, Paper JB, 1969.

  34. F. NARIN, M. P. CARPENTER, National Publication and Citation Comparisons,Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 26 (1975) 80–93.

    Google Scholar 

  35. L. V. XHIGNESSE, C. E. OSGOOD, Bibliographic Citation Characteristics of the Psychological Journal Network in 1950 and in 1960,American Psychologist, 22 (1967) 778–791.

    Google Scholar 

  36. R. S. DANIEL, C. M. LOUTTIT,Professional Problems in Psychology, Prentice-Hall, New York, 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  37. J. B. KRUSKAL, Multidimensional Scaling by Optimizing Goodness of Fit to a Non-metric Hypothesis,Psychometrika, 29 (1964) No. 1, 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  38. J. B. KRUSKAL, Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling: A Numerical Method,Psychometrika, 29 (1964) No. 2, 115–129.

    Google Scholar 

  39. H. INHABER, Where Scientists Publish,Social Studies of Science, 7 (1977) No. 3, 388–394.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Personal communication, F. NARIN, President, Computer Horizons Inc., Cherry Hill, N. J., Nov. 12, 1975.

  41. H. INHABER, The Leading Edge of Science in Canada,Research Policy, 7 (1977) 88–98.

    Google Scholar 

  42. G. PINSKI, Influence and Interrelationship of Chemical Journals,Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, 17 (1977) 67–74.

    Google Scholar 

  43. J. D. FRAME, F. NARIN, M. P. CARPENTER, The Distribution of World Science,Social Studies of Science, 7 (1977) No. 4, 501–516.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. H. Inhaber

    Present address: Atomic Energy Control Board, KIP 5S9, Ottawa, Canada

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Planning and Finance Service, Environment Canada, K1A OH3, Ottawa, (Canada)

    H. Inhaber & M. Alvo

Authors
  1. H. Inhaber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Alvo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Inhaber, H., Alvo, M. World science as an input-output system. Scientometrics 1, 43–64 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02016839

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02016839

Keywords

Search

Navigation