Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The simultaneous scaling of cited and citing articles in a common space

  • Published:
Scientometrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

    We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.

    Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.

Abstract

Scientific articles may be represented as points in a space whose spatial pattern reflects some of the substantive and social structures of science. The proximity of articles and the documents they reference leads to a centroid scalling method proposed in this paper. This method scales citing articles as close as possible to the articles they reference. The simultaneous scaling of citing and cited articles in a common space aids in the interpretation of the resultant configuration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.

References

  1. R. N. SHEPARD, Analysis of proximities: Multidimensional scaling with an unknown distance function. IPsychometrika, 27 (1962) 125–140.

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. N. SHEPARD, Analysis of proximities: Multidimensional scaling with an unknown distance function. II.Psychometrika, 27 (1962) 219–246.

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. B. KRUSKAL, Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness to fit to a nonmetric hypothesis,Psychometrika, 29 (1964) 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. B. KRUSKAL, Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: A numerical method.Psychometrika, 29 (1964) 115–129.

    Google Scholar 

  5. R. L. BREIGER, S. A. BOORMAN, P. ARABIE, An algorithm for clustering relational data, with applications to social network analysis and comparison with multidimensional scaling,Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 12 (1975) 328–383.

    Google Scholar 

  6. H. H. HARMON,Modern Factor Analysis. The University of Chicago, Press, Chicago, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  7. H. SMALL, E. GREENLEE, Citation context analysis of a co-citation cluster: recombinant-DNA,Scientometrics, 2 (1980) 277–301.

    Google Scholar 

  8. M. J. MORAVCSIK, P. MURUGESAN, Some results on the function and quality of citations,Social Studies of Science, 5 (1975) 86–92.

    Google Scholar 

  9. D. E. CHUBIN, S. D. MOITRA, Content analysis of references: an adjunct or alternative to citation counting?Social Studies of Sciences, 5 (1975) 423–441.

    Google Scholar 

  10. G. N. GILBERT, Referencing as Persuasion,Social Studies of Science, 7 (1977) 113–122.

    Google Scholar 

  11. D. EDGE, Why I am not a co-citationist,Society for Social Studies of Science, 2 (1977) (3), 13–19.

    Google Scholar 

  12. D. EDGE, Qualitative measures of communication in science: a critical review,History of Science, 17 (1979) 102–134.

    Google Scholar 

  13. D. de S. PRICE, The citation cycle in B. C. GRIFFITH (Ed.),Key Papers in Information Science, White Plains, Knowledge Industry Publications, NY, 1980, p. 195–210.

    Google Scholar 

  14. C. H. COOMBS,A Theory of Data, Wiley, New York, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  15. J. H. LEVINE, Joint-space analysis of “pick-any” data: analysis of choices from an unconstrained set of alternatives,Psychometrika, 44 (1979) 85–92.

    Google Scholar 

  16. S. COLE, J. R. COLE, L. DIETRICH, Measuring the Cognitive State of Scientific Disciplines in: Y. ELKANA, J. LEDERBERG, R. K. MERTON, A. THACKRAY, H. ZUCKERMAN (Eds),Toward a Metric of Science, Wiley and Sons, New York, 1978, p. 209–251.

    Google Scholar 

  17. E. NADEL, Multivariate citation analysis and the changing cognitive organization in a specialty of physics,Social Studies of Science, 10 (1980) 449–473.

    Google Scholar 

  18. K. E. STUDER, D. E. CHUBIN,The Cancer Mission: Social Contexts of Biomedical Research, Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  19. D. SULLIVAN, D. H. WHITE, E. J. BARBONI, State of a science — indicators in specialty of weak interaction,Social Studies of Science, 7 (1977) 167–200.

    Google Scholar 

  20. M. C. DEAN, A quantitative analysis of theory change in experimental operant psychology, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Social Studies of Science, Toronto, Canada, 1980.

  21. H. G. SMALL, Multiple citating patterns in scientific literature: The circle and hill models,Information Storage and Retrieval, 10 (1974) 393–402.

    Google Scholar 

  22. N. C. MULLINS, L. L. HARGENS, P. K. HECHT, E. L. KICK, The group structure of cocitation clusters: a comparative study,American Sociological Review, 42 (1977) 552–562.

    Google Scholar 

  23. J. SCHWARTZ, An examination of CONCOR and related methods for blocking sociometric data. In: D. HEISE (Ed.)Sociological Methodology, 1977. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco: pp. 255–282.

    Google Scholar 

  24. H. SMALL, Co-citation analysis of opiate receptors field, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Neurosciences Society, St. Louis, MO, 1978.

  25. E. GARDIELD, Controversies over opiate receptor research typify problems facing awards committees,Current Contents, May 14, 1979, 5.

  26. H. R. COWARD, Tracking Scientific Specialities: Indicator Applications of Time Series Co-Citation Clusters, Paper presented at Science & Technology Indicators Conference, September, 1980.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Noma, E. The simultaneous scaling of cited and citing articles in a common space. Scientometrics 4, 205–231 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02021061

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02021061

Keywords