Skip to main content
Log in

Verified inclusion for eigenvalues of the first order PLL equation with general phase detector characteristics

Verifizierter Einschluß von eigenwerten der PLL-Gleichung erster Ordnung mit allgemeiner Phasen Detektor-Charakteristik

  • Published:
Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We present a method depending on matrix continued fractions and Sturm's comparison theorem to obtain verified inclusions for eigenvalues of the underlying boundary value problem of the first-order phase locked loop equation\(pu'' + (\lambda + \tilde g)u = 0\),p = 1/SNR with general phase detector characteristic\(\tilde g(\phi )\).

Zusammenfassung

Wir stellen eine Methode vor, die mit Hilfe von Matrix-Kettenbrüchen und dem Sturm'schen Vergleichssatz die Verifikation von Eigenwerten des Randwertproblems der Phase-Locked-Loop-Gleichung erster Ordnung\(pu'' + (\lambda + \tilde g)u = 0\),p = 1/SNR, mit allgemeiner phasenvergleichender Charakteristik\(\tilde g(\phi )\) erlaubt.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Alefeld, G., Herzberger, J.: Introduction to interval computations. New York: Academic Press 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Balodis, M.: Laboratory comparison of tanlock and phaselock receivers. Proc. Nat. Telem. Conf. Los Angeles5, 1–11 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Beaufils, P., Luther, W. J.: Boucle à verrouillage de phase Aachen 1985.

  4. Beekmann, B., Lökes, H.: Estimates for the eigenvalues of Hill's equation and applications for the eigenvalues of the Laplacian on toroidal surfaces. Manus. Math.68, 295–308 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  5. La Frieda, J. R., Lindsey, W. C.: Transient analysis of phase-locked tracking systems in the presence of noise. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory IT 19, 155–165 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Gardner, F. M.: Phaselock techniques, 2 edn. New York: Wiley 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Hochstadt, H.: A direct and inverse problem for a Hill's equation with double eigenvalues. J. Math. Anal. Appl.66, 507–513 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Krämer, W.: Eine portable Langzahl-und Langzahlintervallarithmetik mit Anwendungen,. ZAMM73, T849-T853 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Lohner, R.: Einschließungen bei Anfangs- und Randwertaufgaben gewöhnlicher Differentialgleichungen. In: Kulisch, U. W. ed.: Wissenschaftliches Rechnen mit Ergebnisverifikation, pp. 183–223. Braunschweig: Vieweg 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Luther, W. J.: Nonstandard Analysis-Methoden in Anwendung auf ein Eigenwertproblem der PLL Theorie. ASST '90, Proceedings, Informatik-Fachberichte 253, pp. 136–141. Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo: Springer 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Luther, W. J., Otten, W.: Numerical treatment of the first-order PLL equation with sinusoidal phase detector characteristic. Appl. Anal. (in press).

  12. Meyer, H., Ascheid, G.: Synchronization inddigital communications, vol 1. New York: Wiley 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Magnus, W., Winkler, S.: Hill's equation. New York: Wiley 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Olver, F. W. J.: Asymptotics and special functions. New York: Academic Press 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Otten, W.: Verified inclusions of eigenvalues of linear difference and differential equations. In: Atanassova, L., Herzberger, J. (eds.): Computer arithmetic and enclosure methods, pp. 409–417. Amsterdam: North-Holland 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Otten, W.: Herleitung und Implementation eines Verfahrens zur verifizierten Bestimmung von Eigenwerten linearer Differenzengleichungen. Dissertation, RWTH-Aachen 1993.

  17. Risken, H.: The Fokker-Planck equation, 2nd edn. Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rosenkranz, W.: Phase locked loops with limiter phase detectors in the presence of noise. IEEE Trans. Comm. COM30, 2297–2304 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Rump, S. M.: Solving algebraic problems with high accuracy. In: Kulisch, U. W., Miranker W. L. (eds.): A new approach to scientific computation, pp. 53–120. New York: Academic Press 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Strutt, M. J. O.: Lamésche-Mathieusche- und verwandte Funktionen in Physik und Technik. Berlin 1932, Chelsea, New York 1967.

  21. Viterbi, A. J.: Phase-locked loop dynamics in the presence of noise by Fokker-Planck techniques. Proc. IEEE51, 1737–1753 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Weinstein, M., Keller, J. B.: Hill's equation with a large potential. SIAM J. Appl. Math.45, 200–214 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Weinstein, M., Keller, J. B.: Asymptotic behavior of stability regions for Hills equation. SIAM J. Appl. Math.47, 941–945 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Zygmund, A.: Trigonometric series, vol. I. Cambridge: Campbridge University Press 1968.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Luther, W.J., Otten, W. Verified inclusion for eigenvalues of the first order PLL equation with general phase detector characteristics. Computing 52, 213–232 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02246504

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02246504

AMS Subject Classifications

Key words

Navigation