Skip to main content
Log in

Design and validation of an analyser to measure sulphur hexafluoride gas during respiration

  • Published:
Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The study presents the results of the development of an analyser to measure sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas in breathing circuits, for application is studies of lung function. The analyser consists of an in-line breathing circuit measurement transducer and a compact unit for signal treatment. The detector unit of the analyser consists of a near-infrared light source, a bandpass filter and a pyro-electrical detector. When incremental steps of SF6 gas between 0 and 2% were presented to the analyser, the maximum deviation from the theoretical calibration curve was calculated to be 0.01% SF6. The step response of the analyser (10–90%) was 250 ms. The sensitivity of the analyser to ambient temperature was 0.01% SF6 °C−1 in the range between 0 and 2% SF6. It is concluded that the analyser presented is accurate, and has a sufficient response speed to be used in clinical measurement settings. Furthermore, the analyser is resistant to changes in temperature, gas flow, orientation and movement, which are likely to occur in clinical measurement settings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Beydon, L., Svantesson, C., Brauer, K., Lemaire, F., andJonson, B. (1996): ‘Respiratory mechanics in patients ventilated for critical lung disease’,Eur. Respir. J.,9, pp. 262–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • East, T. D., Andriano, K. P., andPace, N. L. (1987): ‘Automated measurement of functional residual capacity by sulfur hexafluoride washout’,J. Clin. Monit.,3, pp. 14–21

    Google Scholar 

  • East, T. D., Int Veen, J. C., Jonker, T. A., Pace, N. L., andMcJames, S. (1988): ‘Computer-controlled positive end-expiratory pressure titration for effective oxygenation without frequent blood gases’,Crit. Care Med.,16, pp. 252–257

    Google Scholar 

  • East, T. D., Wortelboer, P. J., Van Ark, E., Bloem, F. H., Peng, L., Pace, N. L., Crapo, R. O., Drews, D., andClemmer, T. P. (1990). ‘Automated sulfur hexafluoride washout functional residual capacity measurement system for any mode of mechanical ventilation as well as spontaneous respiration’,Crit. Care Med.,18, pp. 84–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Engel, L. A., Paiva, M., Siegler, D. I., andFukuchi, Y. (1979): ‘Dual tracer single breath studies of gas transport in the lung’,Respir. Physiol.,36, pp. 103–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gauger, P. G., Overbeck, M. C., Chambers, S. D., Weber, E. D., andHirschl, R. B. (1996): ‘Measuring functional residual capacity in normal and oleic acid-injured lungs’,J. Surg. Res.,63, pp. 204–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hedenstierna, G. (1993): ‘The recording of FRC — is it of importance and can it be made simple? [editorial; comment]’,Intens. Care Med.,19, pp. 365–366

    Google Scholar 

  • Huygen, P. E., Feenstra, B. W., Hoorn, E., Jansen, J. R., andZwart, A. (1991): ‘PDPS: a pulmonary data processing system for assessment of gas exchange properties by multiple gas washout’,Comput Methods Progr. Biomed.,36, pp. 223–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Huygen, P. E., Gultuna, I., Ince, C., Zwart, A., Bogaard, J. M., Feenstra, B. W., andBruining, H. A. (1993): ‘A new ventilation inhomogeneity index from multiple breath indicator gas washout tests in mechanically ventilated patients’,Crit. Care Med.,21, pp. 1149–1158

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonmarker, C., Castor, R., Drefeldt, B., andWerner, O. (1985a): ‘An analyzer for in-line measurement of expiratory sulfur hexafluoride concentration’,Anesthesiology,63, pp. 84–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonmarker, C., Jansson, L., Jonson, B., Larsson, A., andWerner, O. (1985b): ‘Measurement of functional residual capacity by sulfur hexafluoride washout’,Anesthesiology,63, pp. 89–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanhai, J. K., Caspers, P. J., Reinders, E. G., Pompe, J. C., Bruining, H. A., andPuppels, G. J. (2003): ‘A fast, digitally controlled flow proportional gas injection system for studies in lung function’,IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.,50, pp. 1268–1275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, S., Cohen, C., Powell, E., Paiva, M., andEngel, L. A. (1982): ‘Gas mixing in the lungs of dogs and pigs’,Respir. Physiol.,47, pp. 341–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kinsella, S. M. (1985): ‘Assessment of the Hewlett-Packard HP47210A capnometer’,Br. J. Anaesth.,57, pp. 919–923

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsson, A., Linnarsson, D., Jonmarker, C., Jonson, B., Larsson, H., andWerner, O. (1987): ‘Measurement of lung volume by sulfur hexafluoride washout during spontaneous and controlled ventilation: further development of a method’,Anesthesiology,67, pp. 543–550

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyers, J. R., Lembeck, L., O'kane, H., andBaue, A. E. (1975): ‘Changes in functional residual capacity of the lung after operation’,Arch. Surg.,110, pp. 576–583

    Google Scholar 

  • Numa, A. H., Hammer, J., andNewth, C. J. (1997): ‘Effect of prone and supine positions on functional residual capacity, oxygenation, and respiratory mechanics in ventilated infants and children’,Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.,156, pp. 1185–1189

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsson, S. G., Fletcher, R., Jonson, B., Nordstöm, L., andPrakash, O. (1980): ‘Clinical studies of gas exchange during ventilatory support—a method using the Siemens-Elema CO2 analyzer’,Br. J. Anaesth.,52, pp. 491–499

    Google Scholar 

  • Rimensberger, P. C., andBryan, A. C. (1999): ‘Measurement of functional residual capacity in the critically ill. Relevance for the assessment of respiratory mechanics during mechanical ventilation’,Intens. Care Med.,25, pp. 540–542

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulze, A., Schaller, P., Topfer, A., andKirpalani, H. (1994): ‘Measurement of functional residual capacity by sulfur hexafluoride in small-volume lungs during spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation’,Pediatr. Res.,35, pp. 494–499

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, R. J. (1981): ‘A reliable, accurate CO2 analyser for medical use’,Hewlett-Packard J., pp. 3–20

  • Vilstrup, C. T., Bjorklund, L. J., Larsson, A., Lachmann, B., andWerner, O. (1992): ‘Functional residual capacity and ventilation homogeneity in mechanically ventilated small neonates’,J. Appl. Physiol.,73, pp. 276–783

    Google Scholar 

  • Wauer, H. J., Lorenz, B. A., andKox, W. J. (1998): (FRC measurement in intensive care patients. A definition of standards)

  • FRC-Messung bei beatmeten Intensivpatienten. Eine Standortbestimmung,Anaesthesist,47, pp. 844–855

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. K. K. Kanhai.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kanhai, J.K.K., Eijskoot, F., Reinders, E.G.J. et al. Design and validation of an analyser to measure sulphur hexafluoride gas during respiration. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 43, 686–692 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02351044

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02351044

Keywords

Navigation