Skip to main content
Log in

Simple models of coevolutionary genetic algorithms

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Artificial Life and Robotics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The use of evolutionary computing techniques in coevolutionary/multiagent systems is becoming increasingly popular. This paper presents some simple models of the genetic algorithm in such systems, with the aim of examining the effects of different types of interdependence between individuals. Using the models, it is shown that for a fixed amount of interdependence between homogeneous coevolving individuals, the existence of partner gene variance, gene symmetry, and the level at which fitness is applied can have significant effects. Similarly, for heterogeneous coevolving systems with fixed interdependence, partner gene variance and fitness application are also found to have a significant effect, as is the partnering strategy used.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Holland JH (1975) Adaptation in natural and artificial systems. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor

    Google Scholar 

  2. Barricelli NA (1957) Symblogenetic evolution processes realised by artificial methods. Methods 9:35–36

    Google Scholar 

  3. Axlerod R (1987) Evolution of strategies in the iterated prisoner's dilemma. In: Davis L (ed) Genetic algorithms and simulated annealing. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, p 32–41

    Google Scholar 

  4. Hillis WD (1991) Coevolving parasites improve simulated evolution as an optimization procedure. Physica D 42:228–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Beer RD, Gallagher JC (1992) Evolving dynamical neural networks for adaptive behaviour. Adapt Behav 1:91–122

    Google Scholar 

  6. Miller G, Cliff D (1994) Protean behaviour in dynamic games. In: Cliff D, Husbands P, Meyer J-A, Wilson SW (eds) From animals to animals, vol 3 MIT Press, Cambridge p 411–420

    Google Scholar 

  7. Floreano D, Nolfi S (1997) Adaptive behaviour in competing coevolving species. In: Husbands P, Harvey I (eds) Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Artificial Life. MIT Press, Cambridge, p. 378–387

    Google Scholar 

  8. Husbands P, Mill F (1991) Simulated coevolution as the mechanism for emergent planning and scheduling. In: Belew RK, Booker LB (eds) Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, p 264–270

    Google Scholar 

  9. Goldberg DE (1987) Simple genetic algorithms and the minimal, deceptive problem. In: Davis L (ed) Genetic algorithms and simulated annealing. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, p 74–88

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kauffman SA, Johnsen S (1991) Coevolution to the edge of chaos: coupled fitness landscapes, poised states, and coevolutionary avalanches. In: Langton CG, Taylor C, Farmer JD, Rasmussen S (eds) Artificial life II. Addision-Wesley, Reading, p 325–370

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bull L, Fogarty TC (1994) Evelving cooperative communicating classifier systems. In: Sebald AV, Fogel LJ (eds) Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Conference on Evolutioary Programming. World Scientific, p 308–315

  12. Fogel DB (1993) Evolving behaviours in the iterated prisoner's dilemma Evol Comput 1:77–97

    Google Scholar 

  13. Angeline P, Pollack J (1993) Competitive environments evolve better solutions for complex tasks. In: Forrest S (ed) Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, p. 264–270

    Google Scholar 

  14. Koza JR (1992) Genetic programming. MIT Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Reynolds CW (1994) Competition, coevolution and the game of tag. In: Brooks R, Maes P (eds) Artificial life IV. MIT Press, Cambridge, p 59–69

    Google Scholar 

  16. White T, Pagurek B, Oppacher F (1998) ASGA: improving the ant system by integration with genetic algorithms. In: Koza JR, Banzhaf W, Chellapilla K, Deb K, Fogel DB, Garzon M, Goldberg DE, Iba H, Riolo RL (eds) Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Genetic Programming Conference. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, p 610–616

    Google Scholar 

  17. Sipper M (1994) Non-uniform cellular automata: evolution in rule space and formation of complex structures. In: Brooks R, Maes P (eds) Artificial life IV. MIT Press, Los Altos, p 394–399

    Google Scholar 

  18. Unemi T, Nagoyshi M, Hirayama N, et al. (1994) Evolutionary differentiation of learning abilities: a case study on optimizing parameter values in Q-learning by a genetic alogrithm. In: Brooks R, Maes P (eds) Artificial life IV. MIT Press, Cambridge, p 331–336

    Google Scholar 

  19. Dorigo M, Maniezzo V, Colorni A (1996) The ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 26:29–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Bull L, Fogarty TC, Snaith M (1995) Evolution in multi-agent systems: evolving communicating classifier systems for gait in a quadrupedal robot. In: Eshelman LJ (ed) Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, p 382–388

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bull L (1997) Evolutionary computing in multi-agent environments: partners. In: T Baeck (ed) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms. Morgan Kaufmann Los Altos, p 370–377

    Google Scholar 

  22. Iba H (1996) Emergent cooperation for multiple agents using genetic programming. In: Voigt H-M, Ebeling W, Rechenberg I, Schwefel H-P (eds) Parallel problem solving from nature, PPSN IV. Springer, p 32–41

  23. Parmee I (1996) The development of a dual-agent strategy for efficient search across whole system engineering design hierarchies. In: Voigt H-M, Ebeling W, Rechenberg I, Schwefel H-P (eds) Parallel problem solving from nature, PPSN IV. Springer, p 523–532

  24. Ahluwalia M, Bull L (1998) Coevolving functions in genetic programming: dynamic ADF creation using GLiB. In: Porto VW, Saravanan N, Wagen D, Eiben AE (eds) Proceedings of the 7th Annual Conference on Evolutionary Programming. Springer, p 809–818

  25. Paredis J (1994) Steps towards coevolutionary classification neural networks. In: Brooks RA, Maes P (eds) Artificial life IV. MIT Press, Cambridge, p 102–108

    Google Scholar 

  26. Bull L (1998) On evolutionary computing in multi-agent environments: operators. In: Porto VW, Saravanan N, Waagen G, Eiben AE (eds) Proceedings of the 7th Annual Evolutionary Programming Conference. Springer, p 43–52

  27. Nix AE, Vose MD (1992) Modelling genetic algorithms with Markov chains. Ann Math Artif Intell 5:79–88

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Larry Bull.

About this article

Cite this article

Bull, L. Simple models of coevolutionary genetic algorithms. Artif Life Robotics 5, 58–66 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02481321

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02481321

Key words

Navigation