Abstract
As the mechanism of gas transport and exchange in human respiratory ventilation, the complicated processes of mixing and diffusion in airways of human lungs are considered. However the mechanism has not been clarified enough. On the other hand, the analysis of detailed mechanism in the case of artificial ventilation like HFOV (High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation) is strongly required for the development of clinical treatments on patients with respiration disorder. In HFOV, it is considered that pendelluft becomes one of the important factors of gas transport and exchange because of high frequency ventilation in comparison with natural breathing. As increase of the frequency, the different time constants of lung units generate phase lag of ventilation in airways of lungs. The phase lag of ventilation causes to generate pendelluft. The time constant is determined by compliance and flow resistance of lung unit. In order to investigate the effect of the different time constants induced by the difference of flow resistance in a part of respiratory bronchiole of human lungs, the experimental study has been carried out by using multi-bifurcated micro channels as a model of bronchiole. The flow resistance in the model channels was produced by a stenosis. The velocity distributions of ventilation flows in the channels with and without the stenosis have been measured by using μ-PIV technique. The results obtained show the frequency effects on the flow pattern in the bronchiole model channels and the appearance of pendelluft.
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Jin-Kyu Kim: He is a PhD candidate in Product Science Course, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University. His research subject is experimental analysis of oscillatory air flow in micro channels as models of bronchiole of human lungs.
Masaaki Kawahashi: He received his MSc (Eng) degree in mechanical engineering in 1968 from University of Electro-Communication (UEC), and his PhD (Eng) from The University of Tokyo in 1978. After graduating from UEC, he joined at Saitama University as Research Associate. His current position is Professor of Fluid Dynamics in Mechanical Science Division, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University. His research subjects are finite amplitude wave motion, development of acoustic compressor, PIV applications to centrifugal fan, analysis of oscillatory air flow in bronchial model by using micro-PIV.
Hiroyuki Hirahara: He received his Master degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1983, and his PhD(Eng) degree in 1986 in Khyushu University. After the D. Eng. Course, he worked in atomic power plant engineering section in Toshiba Co. Ltd. He worked as a Research Assistant and a Lecturer of Saitama University, before taking up his current position. He is an Associate Professor of Saitama University, and his research subjects are high speed flow, supersonic flow with condensation or evaporation, flow measuring techniques, optical measurement techniques and environmental fluid mechanics.
Yusuke Iwasaki: He received his Master degree in Mechanical Engineering in 2008 from Saitama University. The subject of his Master Degree Thesis was the experimental analysis of pendelluft generated in a micro channel as a model of bronchiole with different terminating conditions of compliance.
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Kim, JK., Kawahashi, M., Hirahara, H. et al. Experimental analysis of oscillatory airflow in a bronchiole model with stenosis. J Vis 12, 109–118 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03181953
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03181953