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European competition law in the electronic communications sector: evolution and critical analysis

Reglementation Europeenne sur la Concurrence Dans le Secteur des Communications Électroniques : Évolution et Analyse Critique

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Abstract

Following a preparatory process that lasted about ten years, on January 1, 1998, the telecommunication services market was completely liberalised in most European Union countries. It was obvious that in the telecommunications industry, competition could not be quickly established simply by knocking down the legal obstacles. As a result, the first regulatory framework tried to meticulously “conduct” the development of competition in the market. Nevertheless, this scheme evolved along with technology and market competition development. A new regulatory framework for electronic communications was approved in 2002; its main objective is the rapprochement of sectorial regulation towards general Competition Law, based on an ex post intervention.

The article sumarises these regulatory changes and then focuses on the description and analysis of the main main novel instruments which are being applied under the current regime. Additionally, a critical assessment of the results achieved since its enforcement is made pointing out further challenges to be faced by its progressive practical implementation. The analysis of the weaknesses of the current model is particularly interesting at a time when the European Commission has already started the reform of the regulatory framework in force.

Résumé

Suite à un processus préparatoire qui a duré environ dix années, le marché des services de télécommunication a été complètement libéralisé dans la plupart des pays de l’Union Européenne le 1er janvier 1998. C’était évident que dans l’industrie des télécommunications, la compétition ne pourrait pas être rapidement établie simplement en renversant les obstacles légaux. En conséquence, la première structure régulatrice a essayé de « mener » méti-culeusement le développement de la concurrence dans le marché. Néanmoins, ce plan a évolué avec la technologie et le progrès de la compétition. Un nouveau cadre réglementaire pour les communications électroniques a été approuvé en 2002 ; son objectif principal étant de rapprocher la régulation sectorielle vers le droit générale de la concurrence, basé sur une intervention ex post.

L’article décrit ces modifications dans la régulation pour après se concentrer sur la description et l’analyse des principaux instruments nouveaux qui sont appliqués sous le régime actuel. En plus, une évaluation critique des résultats accomplis depuis sa mise en application est faite, en signalant notamment les défis supplémentaires que sa mise en pratique progressive devra viser. L’analyse des faiblesses du modèle courant est particulièrement intéressante du moment que la Commission Européenne a déjà commencé la réforme du cadre régulateur.

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Feijóo, C., Gómez-Barroso, J.L. & Rojo-Alonso, D. European competition law in the electronic communications sector: evolution and critical analysis. Ann. Télécommun. 61, 847–864 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03219868

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