Abstract
Effective network monitoring is vital for a growing number of control and management applications typically found in present-day networks. The ever-increasing link speeds and the complexity of monitoring applications’ needs have exposed severe limitations of existing monitoring techniques. A majority of the current monitoring tasks require only a small subset of all observed packets, which share some common properties such as identical header fields or similar patterns in their data. In order to capture only these useful packets, a large set of expressions needs to be evaluated. This evaluation should be done as efficiently as possible when monitoring multi-gigabit networks. To speed up this packet classification process, this article presents different packet filter optimization techniques. Complementary to existing approaches, we propose an adaptive optimization algorithm which dynamically reconfigures the filter expressions based on the currently observed traffic pattern. The performance of the algorithms is validated both analytically and by means of the implementation in a network monitoring framework. The various characteristics of the algorithms are investigated, including their performance in an operational network intrusion detection system.
Résumé
Aujourd’hui, l’analyse du trafic des réseaux est essentielle pour la gestion de nombreuses applications. La croissance de la vitesse des réseaux et la complexité des besoins en analyse de trafic ont révélé des limitations sévères des méthodes et des outils existants. La plupart des tâches d’analyse n’exige qu’une partie de tous les paquets observés. Ces paquets partagent typiquement quelques propriétés comme des champs d’entêté identiques ou des séquences de caractères similaires dans leurs données. Pour capturer seulement ces paquets utiles, il faut évaluer une grande collection d’expressions. Cette évaluation doit être aussi performante que possible pour analyser des réseaux multi-gigabit. Cet article présente plusieurs techniques d’optimisation pour accélérer la procédure de classification des paquets. En complément des approches existantes, nous proposons un algorithme d’optimisation adaptif qui réorganise dynamiquement les expressions de filtrage à partir de l’observation du trafic. La performance des algorithmes est validée analytiquement et par une implémentation dans un système de surveillance du réseau. Les caractéristiques des algorithmes sont évaluées, y compris leur performance dans une application de détection d’intrusion opérationnelle.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baboescu F., Varghese G., Scalable packet classification, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 13, no 1, pp. 2–14, February 2005.
Bailey M., Gopal B., Pagels M., Peterson L., Sarkar P., PathFinder: A Pattern-Based Packet Classifier, Operating Systems Design and Implementation, pp. 115–123, 1994.
Begel A., McCanne S., Graham S., BPF: Exploiting Global Data-flow Optimization in a Generalized Packet Filter Architecture, In the Proceedings of the ACM Sigcomm, August 1999.
Boyer R., Moore J., A fast string searching algorithm, Communications of the ACM, 20, nno 10, pp. 762–772, October 1977.
Breslau L., Cao P., Fan L., Phillips G., Shenker S., Web Caching and Zipf-like Distributions: Evidence and Implications, In the Proceedings of the IEEE Infocom, March 1999.
Coppens J., De Smet S., Van den Berghe S., De Turck F., Demeester P., Performance Evaluation of a Probabilistic Packet Filter Optimization Algorithm for High-speed Network Monitoring, In Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on High Speed Networks and Multimedia Communications, June 2004.
Coppens J., Markatos E., Novotny J., Polychronakis M., Smotlacha V., Ubik S., SCAMPI — A Scaleable Monitoring Platform for the Internet, In the Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Inter-Domain Performance and Simulation, March 2004.
Coppens J., Van den Berghe S., Bos H., Markatos E., De Turck F, Oslebo A., Ubik S., SCAMPI: A scalable and Programmable Architecture for Monitoring Gigabit Networks, In the Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on End-to-End Monitoring Techniques and Services, September 2003.
Engler D., Kaashoek M., DPF: fast, flexible message demultiplexing using dynamic code generation, In the Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM, August 1996.
Gupta P., McKeown N., Packet classification on multiple fields, In the Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM, August 1999.
Gupta P., McKeown N., Packet classification using hierarchical intelligent cuttings, In the Proceedings of Hot Interconnects VIL, August 1999.
Gupta P., McKeown N., Algorithms for packet classification, ieee Network, 15, no 2, pp. 24–32, March 2001.
Horspool R., Practical fast searching in strings, Software Practice and Experience, 10, no 6, pp. 501–506, June 1980.
Jacobson V., Leres C., McCanne S., TCPDUMP manual page, 2001.
Lakshman TV., Stiliadis D., High-speed policy-based packet forwarding using effcient multi-dimensional range matching, In the Proceedings of sigcomm, August 1998.
Malan G., Jahanian F., An extensible probe architecture for network protocol performance measurement, In the Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM, September 1998.
Markatos E., Antonatos S., Polychronakis M., Anagnostakis K., Exclusion-based Signature Matching for Intrusion Detection, In proceedings of IASTED International Conference on Communications and Computer Networks, October 2002.
Mogul J., Rashid R., Accetta M., The Packet Filter: An Efficient Mechanism for User-Level Network Code, In Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, November 1987.
Ranum M., Landfield K., Stolarchuk M., Sienkiewicz M., Lambeth A., Wal E., Implementing a Generalized Tool for Network Monitoring, In Proceedings of the Eleventh Systems Administration Conference, October 1997.
Defcon, http://www.defcon.org/.
Ethereal, http://www.ethereal.com!.
IETF PSAMP Working Group, http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/psamp-charter.html.
IST-Scampi, A Scaleable Monitoring Platform for the Internet, http://www.ist-scampi.org/.
Snort, The Open Source Network Intrusion Detection System, http://www.snort.org/.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Coppens, J., De Smet, S., Van Den Berghe, S. et al. Packet filter optimization techniques for high-speed network monitoring. Ann. Telecommun. 62, 387–407 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03253267
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03253267