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Gestion de la connaissance et cartographie cognitive: une étude sur la collaboration interorganisationnelle

Knowledge management and cognitive maps: a study about interorganizational collaboration

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Résumé

L’étude approfondie des représentations individuelles peut être considérée comme une étape fondamentale de la construction d’une vision partagée. Une telle analyse serait particulièrement utile en contexte de collaboration interorganisationnelle (ci) compte tenu du niveau de complexité de ce type de partenariat. Cependant, les recherches ont généralement accordé peu d’attention à la perception qu’ont les acteurs du succès de leur ci. L’objectif de la présente recherche est de montrer que la cartographie cognitive, comme outil mis au service de la gestion des connaissances, peut enrichir notre compréhension du succès des ci. On verra ici comment la cartographie cognitive permet de dégager les similitudes et les divergences dans la manière dont les acteurs issus de deux organisations liées par une entente de partenariat dans le domaine de la réadaptation au travail structurent leur représentation du succès de leur collaboration. Huit participants ont été invités à déterminer de manière autonome les concepts et les liens de leur carte cognitive sur le sujet, à l’aide d’un guide développé à cette fin. L’analyse comparative des cartes individuelles a été réalisée à l’aide du logiciel Decision Explorer et a porté sur l’importance relative des concepts y figurant, sur l’étude des facteurs considérés comme des «explications» ou des «conséquences» privilégiées ainsi que sur les caractéristiques des groupes émergeant d’une analyse de regroupement (cluster analysis). Les résultats ont mis en relief, entre autres, la grande diversité intra et interorganisationnelle des représentations d’une bonne collaboration. Malgré cette diversité, les acteurs accordent une place centrale à la communication entre les partenaires et au succès de leur intervention auprès du patient. Cette recherche a aussi montré qu’il était possible pour les sujets de déterminer les concepts et les liens de leur carte cognitive sans l’accompagnement intensif du chercheur, ce qui constitue une première dans le domaine de la cartographie cognitive.

Abstract

The examination of individual cognitive maps can help those concerned to get a shared view of a problem. This exercise could be especially helpful for people who take part in an interorganizational collaboration (ic) given the complexity of this kind of partnership. However, very few researches have focused on the way participants conceptualize the success of their ic. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how the cognitive map can be used as a knowledge management tool to improve our understanding of ic success (ics). More specifically, we will show how the cognitive map can be useful to reveal similarities and differences between cognitive maps about ics. Eight professionals who work in two different organizations within the field of work rehabilitation have constructed their cognitive map about the success of their collaboration with the other organization concerned. A guide has been developed to allow participants to construct the map without the assistance of the researcher. A comparative analysis of individual maps with Decision Explorer software has focused on relative importance of concepts, on the examination of factors that are considered either important explanations or consequences, and on cluster analysis. Results have shown among other things a significant difference between representations of success of ic, not only at an interorganizational level, but also at an intraorganizational one. Despite this difference, participants tend to consider communication between partners and successful clinical intervention as key elements in their understanding of ics. This research has also contributed to the development of cognitive maps by allowing participants to elaborate their maps without intensive assistance from the researcher, which is a first in the field of cognitive mapping.

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Gervais, J., Cossette, P. Gestion de la connaissance et cartographie cognitive: une étude sur la collaboration interorganisationnelle. Ann. Telecommun. 62, 786–807 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03253290

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