Abstract
Synchronous collaborative work environments, which are mainly based on video-conferencing systems, suffer a lack of human communication channels and social awareness because mostly only audio, video, and joint editing of documents are supported. Collaborative services such as floor control, session control, and telepointers provide additional communication mechanisms to support persons co-working through computers. We propose a collaborative services model (CSM) for distributed learning environments. Our object-oriented approach includes floor and session control mechanisms and policies. Due to the realization of collaborative services as operations on the model, no specific network collaboration protocol is required. We present an optimistic synchronization scheme which provides consistency for the distributed model.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
U.M. Borghoff et al.: “Rechnergestützte Gruppenarbeit, Eine Einführung in verteilte Anwendungen”. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1995.
C. Bormann et al.: “Simple Conference Control Protocol”. Internet draft, IETF, draft-ietf-mmusic-sccp-00.txt, June 1996.
T. Crowley et al.: “MMConf: An infrastructure for building shared multimedia applications”. In Proc. CSCW'90, p. 637–650, ACM, New York, 1990.
G. Dermler et al.: “Constructing a Distributed Multimedia Joint Viewing and Tele-Operation Service for Heterogeneous Workstation Environments”. Proc. of the Fourth Workshop on Future Trends in Distributed Systems, pp. 8–15, Lisbon, 1993.
H.-P. Dommel et al.: “Floor Control for Multimedia Conferencing and Collaboration”. In ACM Journal on MM Sys., Vol. 5, No. 1, January 1997.
C. A. Ellis et al.: “Groupware — Some Issues and Experiences”. In Communications of the ACM, Vol. 34, No. 1, p. 38–58, 1991.
F. Fluckiger: “Understanding Networked Multimedia Applications and Technology”. Prentice Hall, New York, 1995.
W. Geyer et al.: “Multimedia-Technolgie zur Unterstützung der Lehre an Hochschulen”. In Multimediales Lernen in der Beruflichen Bildung, BW — Bildung und Wissen, Nürnberg, 1997.
T. F. Gutekunst: “Shared Window Systems”. Dissertation ETH No. 11120, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, 1995.
M. Handley et al.: “SDP: Session Description Protocol”. Internet-Draft, IETF, draft-ietf-mmusic-sdp-01.ps, November 1995.
M. Handley et al.: “The Internet Multimedia Conferencing Architecture”. Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-mmusic-confarch-00.ps, IETF, February 1996.
V. Hilt: “Modellierung und Implementierung von Protokollen und Mechanismen zur Unterstützung von kooperativem Lernen in einer TeleTeaching-Umgebung”. Master's thesis, University of Mannheim, Germany, 1996.
International Telecommunication Union: Recommendation T. 120-Data protocols for multimedia conferencing, July 1996.
“Multimedia Collaboration”. User's & Installation Guide, A.01.00, http://www.prz.tu-berlin.de/docs/html/MMC/manual/index.html, Hewlett-Packard Company, June 1996.
“Multiparty Multimedia Session Control (MMUSIC) Charter”. URL: http://sauce.mmlab.uninett.no/ietf/mmusic-charter.html, 1996.
A. Nakajima: “Telepointing Issues in Desktop Conferencing Systems”. In Computer Communications, Vol. 16, No. 9, 1993.
S. Shenker et al.: “Managing Shared Ephemeral Teleconferencing State: Policy and Mechanism”. Internet draft, IETF, July 1995.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hilt, V., Geyer, W. (1997). A model for collaborative services in distributed learning environments. In: Steinmetz, R., Wolf, L.C. (eds) Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems and Telecommunication Services. IDMS 1997. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1309. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0000367
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0000367
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-63519-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69590-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive