Skip to main content

On the classification of computable languages

  • Logic and Learning
  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
STACS 97 (STACS 1997)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 1200))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

A one-sided classifier for a given class of languages converges to 1 on every language from the class and outputs 0 infinitely often on languages outside the class. A two-sided classifier, on the other hand, converges to 1 on languages from the class and converges to 0 on languages outside the class. The present paper investigates one-sided and two-sided classification for classes of computable languages. Theorems are presented that help assess the classifiability of natural classes. The relationships of classification to inductive learning theory and to structural complexity theory in terms of Turing degrees are studied. Furthermore, the special case of classification from only positive data is also investigated.

Supported by a grant from the Australian Research Council.

Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grant Am 60/9-1.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Leonard Adleman and Manuel Blum: Inductive Inference and Unsolvability. Journal of Symbolic Logic 56 (1991) 891–900.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Dana Angluin: Inductive Inference of Formal Languages from Positive Data, Information and Control 45 (1980) 117–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Shai Ben-David: Can Finite Samples Detect Singularities of Real-Valued Functions? Proceedings of the 24th Annual ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computer Science, Victoria, B.C., (1992) 390–399.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Lenore Blum and Manuel Blum: Toward a mathematical Theory of Inductive Inference. Information and Control, 28 (1975) 125–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Richard Büchi: On a decision method in restricted second order arithmetic. In Proceedings of the International Congress on Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Standford University Press, Standford, California, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  6. J. Richard Büchi and Lawrence H. Landweber: Definability in the Monadic Second Order Theory of Successor. Journal of Symbolic Logic 34 (1969) 166–170.

    Google Scholar 

  7. John Case, Sanjay Jain and Arun Sharma: On Learning Limiting Programs. International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science, 3 (1992) 93–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. John Case, Efim Kinber, Arun Sharma and Frank Stephan. On the Classification of Computable Languages. Technical Report No. 9603, School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  9. William Gasarch, Mark Pleszkoch, Frank Stephan and Mahendran Velauthapillai: Classification Using Information. To appear in: Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence.

    Google Scholar 

  10. E. Mark Gold: Language Identification in the Limit. Information and Control, 10 (1967) 447–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Peter G. Hinman: Recursion-Theoretic Hierarchies. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Klaus Peter Jantke: Monotonic and Non-Monotonic Inductive Inference. New Generation Computing 8 (1991) 349–360.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kevin Kelly: The Logic of Reliable Inquiry. Oxford University Press, Oxford, to appear.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lawrence H. Landweber: Decision Problems for ω-Automata. Mathematical Systems Theory, 3 (1969) 376–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Robert McNaughton: Testing and Generating Infinite Sequences by a Finite Automaton. Information and Control 9 (1966) 434–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Eliana Minicozzi: Some Natural Properties of Strong Identification in Inductive Inference. Theoretical Computer Science 2 (1976) 345–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Maurice Nivat and Dominique Perrin (editors): Automata on Infinite Words. Lecture Notes to Computer Science 192, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Piergiorgio Odifreddi: Classical recursion theory. North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Daniel N. Osherson, Michael Stob and Scott Weinstein: Systems that learn. Bradford / MIT Press, London, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hartley Rogers, Jr.: Theory of Recursive Functions and Effective Computability. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Gerald E. Sacks: Higher Recursion Theory, Perspectives in Mathematical Logic, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Robert I. Soare: Recursively enumerable sets and degrees. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Frank Stephan: On One-Sided Versus Two-Sided Classification. Forschungsbericht 25 / 1996 des Mathematischen Instituts der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Rolf Wiehagen and Carl H. Smith: Generalization versus Classification. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 7, 1995. Shorter version in Proceedings 5th Annual Workshop on Computational Learning Theory, (1992) 224–230. ACM Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Carl H. Smith, Rolf Wiehagen and Thomas Zeugmann: Classifying Predicates and Languages. To appear in: International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Boris A. Trakhtenbrot: Finite Automata and the Logic of One Place Predicates. Siberian Mathematical Journal 3 (1962) 103–131 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  27. Thomas Zeugmann and Steffen Lange: A Guided Tour Across the Boundaries of Learning Recursive Languages. Algorithmic Learning for Knowledge-Based Systems (K. P. Jantke and S. Lange, Eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 961 (1995) 193–262.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Thomas Zeugmann, Steffen Lange and Shyam Kapur: Characterizations of Monotonic and Dual Monotonic Language Learning, Information and Computation 120 (1995) 155–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Rüdiger Reischuk Michel Morvan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Case, J., Kinber, E., Sharma, A., Stephan, F. (1997). On the classification of computable languages. In: Reischuk, R., Morvan, M. (eds) STACS 97. STACS 1997. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1200. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0023462

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0023462

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-62616-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68342-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics