Abstract
Deep Space One (DS1) will be the first spacecraft to be controlled by an autonomous closed loop system potentially capable of carrying out a complete mission with minimal commanding from Earth. A major component of the autonomous flight software is an onboard planner/scheduler. Based on generative planning and temporal reasoning technologies, the planner/scheduler transforms abstract goals into detailed tasks to be executed within resource and time limits. This paper discusses the knowledge acquisition issues involved in transitioning this novel technology into spacecraft flight software, developing the planner in the context of a large software project and completing the work under a compressed development schedule. Our experience shows that the planning framework used is adequate to address the challenges of DS1 and future autonomous spacecraft systems, and it points to a series of open technological challenges in developing methodologies and tools for knowledge acquisition and validation.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barry Boehm. A Spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement. Computer, pages 61–72, May 1988.
Michael Compton, Helen Stewart, Vinod Baya, Martha Del Alto, Bob Kanefsky, and Jason Vincent. Electronic collaboration for the New Millenium: Internet-based Tools and Techniques for Sharing Information. In http://ic-www.arc.nasa.gov/ic/projects/nmp-doc/nmp-doc-pres.pdf, 1997.
Per Cederqvist et.al. Concurrent Versions System. In http://www.loria.fr/ molli/cvs-index.html, 1996.
Oren Etzioni. Acquiring Search Control Knowledge via Static Analysis. Artificial Intelligence, 62, 1993.
G.M.Brown, D.Bernard, and R.Rasmussen. Attitude and Articulation Control for the Cassini Spacecraft. a fault tolerance overview. In 14th AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Conference, 1995.
Barbara Hayes-Roth. An Architecture for Adaptive Intelligent Systems. Artificial Intelligence, 72, 1995.
IEEE. Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference, Snowmass, CO, 1997.
Sanford Krasner and Douglas E. Bernard.Integrating Autonomy Technologies into an Embedded Spacecraft System—Flight Software System Engineering for New Millennium. In Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference [7].
Steven Minton. Automatically configuring constraint satisfaction programs: A case study. Constraints, 1(1), 1996.
Nicola Muscettola. HSTS: Integrating planning and scheduling. In Mark Fox and Monte Zweben, editors, Intelligent Scheduling. Morgan Kaufmann, 1994.
Nicola Muscettola, Ben Smith, Charles Fry, Steve Chien, Kanna Rajan, Gregg Rabideau, and David Yan. On-Board Planning for New Millennium Deep Space One Autonomy. In Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference [7].
Barney Pell, Douglas E. Bernard, Steve A. Chien, Erann Gat, Nicola Muscettola, P. Pandurang Nayak, Michael D. Wagner, and Brian C. Williams. A Remote Agent Prototype for Spacecraft Autonomy. In Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, 1996.
Barney Pell, Douglas E. Bernard, Steve A. Chien, Erann Gat, Nicola Muscettola, P. Pandurang Nayak, Michael D. Wagner, and Brian C. Williams. An Autonomous Spacecraft Agent Prototype. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents. ACM Press, 1997.
Barney Pell, Erann Gat, Ron Keesing, Nicola Muscettola, and Ben Smith. Plan Execution for Autonomous Spacecraft. In Louise Pryor, editor, Procs. of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Plan Execution. AAAI Press, 1996.
M. Tambe, W. Lewis Johnson, R. M. Jones, F. Koss, J. E. Laird, Paul S. Rosenbloom, and K. Schwamb. Intelligent Agents for Interactive Simulation Environments. AI Magazine, 16(1):15–39, Spring 1995.
Brian C. Williams and P. Pandurang Nayak. A model-based approach to reactive self-configuring systems. In Procs. of AAAI-96, pages 971–978, Cambridge, Mass., 1996. AAAI Press.
Brian C. Williams and P. Pandurang Nayak. Immobile Robots, AI in the New Millennium. AI Magazine, Fall, 1996.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Smith, B.D., Rajan, K., Muscettola, N. (1997). Knowledge acquisition for the onboard planner of an autonomous spacecraft. In: Plaza, E., Benjamins, R. (eds) Knowledge Acquisition, Modeling and Management. EKAW 1997. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1319. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0026790
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0026790
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-63592-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69606-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive