Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
McMahon, T.A. and Greene, P.R. (1979). The influence of track compliance on running. J. Biomech. 12:893–904.
Young, R.P., Scott, S.H., and Loeb, G.E. (1992). An intrinsic mechanism to stabilize posture—joint-angle-dependent moment arms of the feline ankle muscles. Neurosci. Letters.
Levine, W.S., He, J., Loeb, G.E., Rindos, A.J. and Weytjens, J.L.F., (1993) (submitted to J. Biomech.)
Partridge, L.D. and Benton, L.A. (1981). Muscle, the motor, from Handbook of Physiology—The Nervous System, Vol. II. Part 1. Williams and Wilkins, MD. 43–106.
Rack, P.M.H. and Westbury, D.R. (1984). Elastic properties of the cat soleus tendon and their functional importance. J. Physiol. 347:479–495.
Hatze, H. (1977). A myocybernetic control model of skeletal muscle. Biol. Cybern 25:103–119.
Otten, E. (1988). Concepts and models of functional architecture in skeletal muscle. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 89–137.
Ziegler, F. (1991). Mechanics of Solids and Fluids, Springer-Verlag, 598–600.
Gordon, A.M., Huxley, A.F. and Julian, F.J. (1966). The variation of isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebral muscle fibres. J. Physiol. 184:170–193.
Gottlieb, G.L. and Agarwal, G.C. (1971). Dynamic relationship between isometric muscle tension and the electromyogram in man. J. Appl. Physiol., 30:345.
Meijers, L.M.M., Teulings, J.L.H.M. and Eijkman, E.G.J. (1976). Model of the electromyographic activity during brief isometric contractions. Biol. Cybern. 25:7–16.
Hof, A.L. and Van den Berg, J. (1981). EMG to force processing. I: An electrical analogue of the Hill muscle model. J. Biomech., 14 (11): 747–758.
Perry, J. and Bekey, G.A. (1981). EMG-force relationships in skeletal muscle. CRC Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (December).
Burke, R.E. (1981). Motor units: Anatomy, physiology and functional organization from Handbook of Physiology—The Nervous System, Vol. II, Part 1, Williams and Wilkins, MD, 345–422.
Henneman, E., Somjen, G., and Carpenter, D. (1965). Excitability and inhibitability of motoneurons of different sizes. J. Neurobiol. 28:599–620.
Rack, P.M.H. and Westbury, D.R. (1969). The effects of length and stimulus rate on tension in the isometric cat soleus muscle. J. Physiol. 204:443–460.
Gaudiano, P. and Grossberg, S. (1991). Vector associative maps: unsupervised real-time error-based learning and control of movement trajectories. Neural Networks 4, pp. 147–183.
Levine, W.S., Christodoulou, M. and Zajac, F.E. (1983). On propelling a rod to a maximum vertical or horizontal distance, Automatica 19:3, pp. 321–324.
Hatze, H. (1976). The complete optimization of a human motion. Math. Biosci. 28, pp. 99–135.
Pandy, M.G. Zajac, F.E., Sim, E. and Levine, W.S. (1990), An optimal control model for maximum-height human jumping, J. Biomech. 23:12, pp. 1185–1198.
Pandy, M.G. and Zajac, F.E. (1991), Optimal muscular coordination strategies for jumping, J. Biomech. 24:1, pp. 1–10.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Levine, W.S. (1994). Some uses of optimization for studying the control of animal movement. In: Henry, J., Yvon, JP. (eds) System Modelling and Optimization. Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, vol 197. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0035457
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0035457
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-19893-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-39337-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive