Skip to main content

A model for structuring user documentation of object-oriented frameworks using patterns and hypertext

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
ECOOP'97 — Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 1997)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 1241))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Adequate documentation of an object-oriented framework is the prerequisite to its success as a reusable component. The overall design of a framework and its intended method of reuse are not obvious from the source code and thus have to be addressed in the documentation. Most importantly, the documentation of a framework has to be structured in such a way that it guarantees the adequate support of three major audiences: users selecting a framework, users learning to develop typical applications based on the selected framework, and users intending to modify its architecture.

This paper presents a model for structuring the documentation of an objectoriented framework. The model integrates existing approaches such as patterns, hypertext, program-understanding tools, and formal approaches into a single structure that is geared towards supporting the three audiences. The model will be illustrated using HotDraw, a Smalltalk framework for drawing editors, as an example. We also give a preliminary evaluation of the model.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Apple Computer. MacApp Programmer's Guide. 1986

    Google Scholar 

  2. J.D. Arthur and K.T. Stevens. Document Quality Indicators: A Framework for Assessing Document Adequacy. Technical Report, No. TR90-60, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  3. K. Beck and R. E. Johnson. Patterns Generate Architectures. In Proceedings of the ECOOP'94, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1994, pages 139–149

    Google Scholar 

  4. F. Buschmann, R. Meunier, H. Rohnert, P. Sommerlad, and M. Stal. Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture: A System of Patterns. John Wiley & Sons, 1996

    Google Scholar 

  5. J.M. Brant. HotDraw. Master's Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1995. HotDraw is available at http://st-www.cs.uiuc.edu/users/brant/HotDraw/HotDraw.html

    Google Scholar 

  6. P. Brusilovsky. Adaptive hypermedia, an attempt to analyze and generalize. In Multimedia, Hypermedia, and Virtual Reality, P. Brusilovsky, P. Kommers, and N. Streitz, Eds., vol. 1077, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996, pages 288–304

    Google Scholar 

  7. K. Czarnecki, R. Hanselmann, U. W. Eisenecker, and W. Köpf. ClassExpert: A Knowledge-Based Assistant to Support Reuse by Specialization and Modification in Smalltalk. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Software Reuse, M. Sitamaran, ed., IEEE Comp. Soc. Press, 1996, pages 188–193

    Google Scholar 

  8. R.H. Campbell and N. Islam. A Technique for Documenting the Framework of an Object-Oriented System. In Computing Systems, vol. 6, no. 4, Fall 1993, pages 363–389

    Google Scholar 

  9. J. Coplien and D. Schmidt, eds. Pattern Languages of Program Design. Addison-Wesley, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  10. E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Johnson, and J. Vlissides. Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison-Wesley, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  11. D. Gangopadhyay and S. Mitra. Understanding Frameworks by Exploration of Exemplars. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE '95), 1995

    Google Scholar 

  12. R. Helm, I.M. Holland, and D. Gangopadhyay. Contracts: specifying behavioral compositions in object-oriented systems. In Proceedings of the OOPSLA/ECOOP'90, SIGPLAN Notices, vol. 25, no. 10, 1990, pages 169–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. R. E. Johnson. Documenting Frameworks using Patterns. In Proceedings of the OOPSLA'92, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, vol. 27, no. 10, October 1992, pages 63–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. R. E. Johnson. Documenting Frameworks. In Frameworks Digest, vol. 1, no. 13, Oct. 26, 1994, available at ftp://st.cs.uiuc.edu/pub/FWList/v1n13

    Google Scholar 

  15. K. Koskimies and H. Mössenböck. Scene: Using Scenario Diagrams and Active Text for Illustrating Object-Oriented Programs. In Proceedings of the 18th Int. Conf. on Software Engineering, IEEE Comp. Soc. Press, 1996, pages 366–375

    Google Scholar 

  16. D.E. Knuth. Literate Programming. Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  17. D.B. Lange and Y. Nakamura. Interactive Visualization of Design Patterns Can Help in Framework Understanding. In Proceedings of the OOPSLA'95, ACM SIGPLAN Notices vol. 30, no. 10, October 1995, pages 342–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. G.A. Miller. The Magical Number Seven Plus or Minus Two. In The Psychology of Communication: Seven Essays, G.A. Miller, New York: Basic Books, 1967

    Google Scholar 

  19. B. Minto. The Pyramid Principle. Part One: Logic in Writing. Pitman Publishing, London, 1991. First published by Minto International Inc. in 1987

    Google Scholar 

  20. H. A. Müller, Understanding Software Systems Using Reverse Engineering Technologies: Research and Practice. Tutorial Notes, 18th Int. Conf. on Software Engineering, 1996, page 2–12

    Google Scholar 

  21. Object Technology International Inc., ENVY/Developer R3.01. User Manual, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  22. Object Technology International Inc., ENVY/QA, see at: http://www.oti.com/briefs/qa/qabrief.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  23. D.L. Parnas. On the Criteria To Be Used in Decomposing Systems into Modules. In Communications of the ACM, vol. 15, no. 12, December 1972, pages 1053–1058

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Parplace-Digitalk, Inc. VisualWorks Cookbook. 1995

    Google Scholar 

  25. W. Pree, G. Promberger, A. Schappert, and P. Sommerlad. Active Guidance of Framework Development. In Software—Concepts and Tools, no. 16, 1995, pages 136–145

    Google Scholar 

  26. W. Pree. Design Patterns for Object-Oriented Software Development. Addison-Wesley, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  27. K.T. Stevens, J.D. Arthur, and R. E. Nance. A Taxonomy for the Evaluation of Computer Documentation. Technical Report, No. TR88-38, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  28. D.C. Schmidt. The ADAPTIVE Communication Environment: An Object-Oriented Network Programming Toolkit for Developing Communication Software. Available at http://www.cs.wustl.edu/ ~schmidt/ACE.html

    Google Scholar 

  29. P. Steyaert, C Lucas, K Mens, and T. D'Hondt. Reuse Contracts: Managing the Evolution of Reusable Assets. In Proceedings of the OOPSLA'96, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, vol. 31, no. 10, October 1996, pages 268–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. eXept Software AG, Smalltalk/X, see at: http://www.informatik.unistuttgart.de/stx/stx.html

    Google Scholar 

  31. M.F. da Silva and C.M.L. Werner. Packaging Reusable Components Using Patterns and Hypermedia. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Software Reuse, M. Sitamaran, ed., IEEE Comp. Soc. Press, 1996, pages 146–155

    Google Scholar 

  32. F. Tip, J.-D. Choi, J. Field, G. Ramalingam. Slicing Class Hierarchies. In Proceedings of the OOPSLA'96, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, vol. 31, no. 10, October 1996, pages 179–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. S.R. Tillay, S. Paul, and S. B. Smith. Towards a Framework for Program Understanding. In Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Program Comprehension, A. Cimitile and H.A. Müller, eds., IEEE Comp. Soc. Press, 1996, pages 19–28

    Google Scholar 

  34. W. Tracz. DSSA (Domain-Specific Software Architecture) Pedagogical Example. In ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, vol. 20, no. 4, July 1995

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Mehmet Akşit Satoshi Matsuoka

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Meusel, M., Czarnecki, K., Köpf, W. (1997). A model for structuring user documentation of object-oriented frameworks using patterns and hypertext. In: Akşit, M., Matsuoka, S. (eds) ECOOP'97 — Object-Oriented Programming. ECOOP 1997. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1241. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0053392

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0053392

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-63089-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69127-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics